2016 Senior Exam Flashcards
What is the most common grain fed to dairy cows in the US?
corn
What term describes a calf who is born tail and butt first?
breech
What is the enzyme that breaks down butterfat?
lipase
If calves are raised in drafty, damp or poor ventilated areas, what respiratory diesease are they likely to contract?
pneumonia
Name three functions of potassium in the body.
regulates the body’s fluid balance; maintains normal blood pressure; needed for muscle activity and contraction
What is the common name for bovine keratoconjunctivitis?
pink eye
Acetic, butyric, and proprionic acids are produced in what part of the ruminant’s digestive system?
rumen
The vulva becoming red and swollen is a sign of what in cattle?
heat or calving
List the parts of the teat through which the milk passes.
teat cistern, teat sphincter muscle, teat canal (or streak canal)
In adults, a calcium deficiency, along with other factors, may result in bone deterioration know as what?
osteoporosis
What are two heat detection aids that can be used on a dairy farm?
heat expectancy charts, tail chalk, pedometers, pressure sensors, detector animals, electronic heat detection sysytems
Name a liquid manure storage sructure.
lagoon, pit, slurry, tank, pond
Name one reason brown midrib corn varieties are desirable in a lactating cow’s ration.
decreased lignin content, increased fiber digestibility
Name three pasteurization methods..
batch; HTST - high temperature, short time; UHT - ultra high temperature
What stomach compartment is called the honeycomb?
reticulum
What is added to create veins and spots in cheese?
penicillum culture (or bacteria)
What is the first step in milk processing, which includes milk processing and centrifugation to remove particles and sediments?
clarification
Yogurt must contain a minimum of how much fat?
3.25%
Name the 3 structural carbohydrates that make up Neutral Detergent Fiber.
cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin
What is the liquid used in freezing and storing semen?
nitrogen
Frozen colostrum can be safely stored for how long?
up to 1 year
Name the unit of measure of energy in a feed.
calorie (with small c is amount of enegy needed to raise 1 g of water 1ºC)
How many pounds of silage at 50% dry matter must be fed to have 1,000 pounds of dry matter?
2000 pounds
Name four things required for proper composting.
air, moisture, nutrients, carbon
Name the two gases associated with bloat?
carbon dioxide and bloat
What new genetic defect has been discovered in the Holstein breed and is denoted by the letters HCD?
haplotype for cholesterol deficency
What is the conditon that exists when an excessive amount of lymph accumulates between the skin and the secretory tissue of the udder?
edema
What breed of dairy cattle originates in Scotland?
Ayrshire
What test is used to identify Brucellosis in cattle?
milk ring test
Name the 3 places where pathogenic organisms may gain entry into a newborn calf’s body?
nose, navel, mouth
What is the predominant class of immunoglobulins found in bovine colostrum?
IgG
What is the term for movement of nitrate through the soild to groundwater?
leaching
How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of authentic Greek yogurt?
4 pounds
How many inches of silage should be removed every day to reduce spoilage?
6 inches
Name the season of the year when retained placenta incidence is the highest.
summer
Under the direction of the National Milk Producers Federation, what management practice must have ended by Jan 1 of this year?
tail docking
What does APHIS stand for?
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Name the branch of biology that deals with the processes, activities and phenomena of life and living organisms.
physiology
On average, what percentage of cows experience clinical milk fever, characterized by a blood calcium level less than 5mg/dL?
5%
What cheese is not aged and spreads easily at room temperature?
cream cheese
What term is given to the percent of services (think AI) that result in pregnancy?
conception rate
How many pairs of chromosomes do dairy cattle have?
30 pairs
Frozen custard must contain 10% milkfat and at least what percent egg yolk solids?
1.4%
In which part of the cow’s reproductive tract does fertilization take place?
oviduct
Feta cheese can be made from what two animal’s milk?
sheep and goats
Of the major types of Class 1 milks, which is the most expensive?
whole milk
What company is the largest processor and distributor of milk and dairy products in the US?
Nestle of the US
In April 2014, the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory and the Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory were merged to form what new agency of the USDA?
Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory
When forage testing feedstuffs, what do the letter NIR stand for?
near infared reflectance
In December 2016 a new law known as VFA will go into effect requiring prescriptions for certain antimicrobials fed to cattle. What does VFD stand for?
Veterinary Feed Directive
