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Dairy Bowl > 2016 Senior Exam > Flashcards

2016 Senior Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common grain fed to dairy cows in the US?

A

corn

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2
Q

What term describes a calf who is born tail and butt first?

A

breech

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3
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down butterfat?

A

lipase

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4
Q

If calves are raised in drafty, damp or poor ventilated areas, what respiratory diesease are they likely to contract?

A

pneumonia

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5
Q

Name three functions of potassium in the body.

A

regulates the body’s fluid balance; maintains normal blood pressure; needed for muscle activity and contraction

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6
Q

What is the common name for bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

pink eye

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7
Q

Acetic, butyric, and proprionic acids are produced in what part of the ruminant’s digestive system?

A

rumen

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8
Q

The vulva becoming red and swollen is a sign of what in cattle?

A

heat or calving

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9
Q

List the parts of the teat through which the milk passes.

A

teat cistern, teat sphincter muscle, teat canal (or streak canal)

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10
Q

In adults, a calcium deficiency, along with other factors, may result in bone deterioration know as what?

A

osteoporosis

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11
Q

What are two heat detection aids that can be used on a dairy farm?

A

heat expectancy charts, tail chalk, pedometers, pressure sensors, detector animals, electronic heat detection sysytems

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12
Q

Name a liquid manure storage sructure.

A

lagoon, pit, slurry, tank, pond

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13
Q

Name one reason brown midrib corn varieties are desirable in a lactating cow’s ration.

A

decreased lignin content, increased fiber digestibility

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14
Q

Name three pasteurization methods..

A

batch; HTST - high temperature, short time; UHT - ultra high temperature

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15
Q

What stomach compartment is called the honeycomb?

A

reticulum

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16
Q

What is added to create veins and spots in cheese?

A

penicillum culture (or bacteria)

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17
Q

What is the first step in milk processing, which includes milk processing and centrifugation to remove particles and sediments?

A

clarification

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18
Q

Yogurt must contain a minimum of how much fat?

A

3.25%

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19
Q

Name the 3 structural carbohydrates that make up Neutral Detergent Fiber.

A

cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin

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20
Q

What is the liquid used in freezing and storing semen?

A

nitrogen

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21
Q

Frozen colostrum can be safely stored for how long?

A

up to 1 year

22
Q

Name the unit of measure of energy in a feed.

A

calorie (with small c is amount of enegy needed to raise 1 g of water 1ºC)

23
Q

How many pounds of silage at 50% dry matter must be fed to have 1,000 pounds of dry matter?

A

2000 pounds

24
Q

Name four things required for proper composting.

A

air, moisture, nutrients, carbon

25
Q

Name the two gases associated with bloat?

A

carbon dioxide and bloat

26
Q

What new genetic defect has been discovered in the Holstein breed and is denoted by the letters HCD?

A

haplotype for cholesterol deficency

27
Q

What is the conditon that exists when an excessive amount of lymph accumulates between the skin and the secretory tissue of the udder?

A

edema

28
Q

What breed of dairy cattle originates in Scotland?

A

Ayrshire

29
Q

What test is used to identify Brucellosis in cattle?

A

milk ring test

30
Q

Name the 3 places where pathogenic organisms may gain entry into a newborn calf’s body?

A

nose, navel, mouth

31
Q

What is the predominant class of immunoglobulins found in bovine colostrum?

A

IgG

32
Q

What is the term for movement of nitrate through the soild to groundwater?

A

leaching

33
Q

How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of authentic Greek yogurt?

A

4 pounds

34
Q

How many inches of silage should be removed every day to reduce spoilage?

A

6 inches

35
Q

Name the season of the year when retained placenta incidence is the highest.

A

summer

36
Q

Under the direction of the National Milk Producers Federation, what management practice must have ended by Jan 1 of this year?

A

tail docking

37
Q

What does APHIS stand for?

A

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

38
Q

Name the branch of biology that deals with the processes, activities and phenomena of life and living organisms.

A

physiology

39
Q

On average, what percentage of cows experience clinical milk fever, characterized by a blood calcium level less than 5mg/dL?

A

5%

40
Q

What cheese is not aged and spreads easily at room temperature?

A

cream cheese

41
Q

What term is given to the percent of services (think AI) that result in pregnancy?

A

conception rate

42
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do dairy cattle have?

A

30 pairs

43
Q

Frozen custard must contain 10% milkfat and at least what percent egg yolk solids?

A

1.4%

44
Q

In which part of the cow’s reproductive tract does fertilization take place?

A

oviduct

45
Q

Feta cheese can be made from what two animal’s milk?

A

sheep and goats

46
Q

Of the major types of Class 1 milks, which is the most expensive?

A

whole milk

47
Q

What company is the largest processor and distributor of milk and dairy products in the US?

A

Nestle of the US

48
Q

In April 2014, the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory and the Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory were merged to form what new agency of the USDA?

A

Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory

49
Q

When forage testing feedstuffs, what do the letter NIR stand for?

A

near infared reflectance

50
Q

In December 2016 a new law known as VFA will go into effect requiring prescriptions for certain antimicrobials fed to cattle. What does VFD stand for?

A

Veterinary Feed Directive

Dairy Bowl (57 decks)

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