2014 Major Nutrients - Vitamins

Question 1

Name the nutrient that is needed only in small amounts, but deficiencies of these can cause major problems.

Answer 1

vitamins are needed in small amounts, but deficiencies can cause large problems

Question 2

What are the two categories of vitamins?

Answer 2

fat-soluble and water-soluble

Question 3

Which vitamins are not stored in the body, and therefore must be provided for daily in the diet of young ruminants?

Answer 3

water-soluble

Question 4

In a healthy adult ruminant, the rumen synthesizes (makes) enough of what so that it does not need to be provided?

Answer 4

a healthy rumen will synthesize (make) all the needed water-soluble vitamins needed byt he animal

Question 5

Name the water-soluble vitamins? the fat-soluble?

Answer 5

water-soluble — Vitamins B and C

fat-soluble — Vitamins A, D E and K

Question 6

In a healthy lactating dairy cow, what vitamins are commonly supplemented?

Answer 6

Vitamins A, D and E are commonly supplemented in lactating cows

Question 7

Name three situations when fat-soluble vitamins are especially needed.

Answer 7

• when forages have been stored for long periods of time
• in young animals fed milk replacers or calf starters without hay
• when raising veal calves
• when forage has been rained on
• in periods of stress
• when animals are housed indoors

Question 8

When young animals are fed milk replacers or calf starters without hay, which vitamins are commonly supplemented?

Answer 8

Vitamins A, D and E are commonly supplemented

Question 9

What vitamin supplement may help if milk has an oxidized, off-flavor?

Answer 9

Vitamin E

Question 10

The immune system can be boosted by supplementing which vitamin and which mineral?

Answer 10

Vitamin E and selenium

Question 11

Supplementing Vitamin E along with selenium may boost the immune system, thereby reducing the incidence of what costly illness?

Answer 11

mastitis

Question 12

Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the animal’s body in large amount for long periods of time, daily intake is not a problem but what is?

Answer 12

toxicity - if supplemented in the diet and stored by the body, they body could end up with too much, which can become toxic (poisonous)

Question 13

Thiamin is also known which vitamin letter and number?

Answer 13

Vitamin B1

Question 14

Normal functions of the central nervous system and energy metabolism rely on what vitamin?

Answer 14

Vitamin B1

Question 15

What are the two signs of thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency?

Answer 15

muscular incoordination and progressive blindness

Question 16

A deficiency of riboflavin can be identified by what two symptoms?

Answer 16

loss of hair, excess salivation

Question 17

The Vitamin B2 is also commonly known as what?

Answer 17

riboflavin

Question 18

Which of the B vitamins assists enzymes involved in metabolism?

Answer 18

riboflavin

Question 19

Which of the B vitamins assists enzymes in the transfer of electrons and must be supplemented in pre-weaned cows?

Answer 19

niacin

Question 20

A deficiency of which B vitamin is characterized by reduced growth and appetite?

Answer 20

niacin

Question 21

A deficiency in niacin is characterized by a reduction in what?

Answer 21

reduced growth and appetite

Question 22

The vitamin B6 is also known as what?

Answer 22

pyridoxine

Question 23

Which of the B vitamins assists enzymes involved in protein and nitrogen metabolism?

Answer 23

B6

Question 24

Anorexia, decreased growth and convulsions are signs of deficiency of which vitamin?

Answer 24

B6

Question 25

Which of the water-soluble vitamins assists enzymes in energy and amino acid metabolism?

Answer 25

pantothenic acid, (Vitamin B5)

Question 26

A deficiency of pantothenic acid, (Vitamin B5) is characterized by dermatitis around what body parts?

Answer 26

dermatitis around eyes and muzzle

Question 27

Biotin assists enzymes involved in the transfer of what compound?

Answer 27

carbon dioxide

Question 28

Paralysis of the hindquarters of calves is a sign of deficiency of which vitamin?

Answer 28

B7 - Biotin

Question 29

Which vitamin is a co-enzyme in various metabolic pathways?

Answer 29

Folic acid - B9

Question 30

Name two symptoms of low levels of folic acid.

Answer 30

low white blood cell count, pneumonia, death

Question 31

Pre-ruminant calves may be most susceptible to a deficiency of which vitamin that can be identified by a low white blood cell count.

Answer 31

Folic acid - B9

Question 32

Vitamin B12 is needed for the synthesis of which essential amino acid and which sugar?

Answer 32

amino acid - methionine

sugar - glucose

Question 33

Proper synthesis of methionine and glucose requires which vitamin?

Answer 33

Vitamin B12

Question 34

If the dairy animal’s diet does not contain a sufficient amount of cobalt, the rumen is unable to synthesize a sufficient amount of which vitamin?

Answer 34

Vitamin B12

Question 35

Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in fat metabolism?

Answer 35

choline

Question 36

Fatty liver, weakness and an inability to stand are signs of a deficiency of which vitamin?

Answer 36

choline

Question 37

A deficiency of which vitamin is not commonly observed in dairy cattle?

Answer 37

Vitamin C

Question 38

Which vitamin is synthesized in the body of ruminants older than three weeks, and whose deficiency is rarely seen?

Answer 38

Vitamin C

Question 39

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant?

Answer 39

Vitamin C

Question 40

Which vitamin is responsible for normal night vision, healthy bone growth and reproduction?

Answer 40

Vitamin A

Question 41

Night blindness and still births can be signs of a deficiency of which vitamin?

Answer 41

Vitamin A

Question 42

List two signs of a Vitamin A deficiency.

Answer 42

night blindness, still births, retained placentas

Question 43

A dairy animal suffering from anorexia, scaly dermatitis and hair loss is exhibiting signs of toxic levels of which vitamin?

Answer 43

Vitamin A

Question 44

Name a symptom of Vitamin A toxicity.

Answer 44

Anorexia, scaly dermatitis, hair loss

Question 45

Why is it important to keep vitamin supplements out of direct sunlight and away from heat?

Answer 45

because certain vitamin degrade over time when exposed to direct sunlight and heat

Question 46

Which vitamin enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 46

Vitamin D

Question 47

Name a symptom of Vitamin D deficiency.

Answer 47

Rickets in young animals, softening of bones in older animals

Question 48

Reduced dry matter intake, reduced milk yield and dry feces can indicate toxic levels of which vitamin?

Answer 48

Vitamin D

Question 49

Which vitamin is known as the sunshine vitamin?

Answer 49

Vitamin D

Question 50

Vitamin D is provided to the animals in adequate amounts by what?

Answer 50

sunlight provides adequate amounts of Vitamin D

Question 51

Which vitamin has functions similar to the mineral selenium?

Answer 51

Vitamin E

Question 52

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant, boosts immunity and aids reproduction?

Answer 52

Vitamin E

Question 53

A deficiency of Vitamin E can result in white disease with a color in its name?

Answer 53

white muscle disease

Question 54

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins rarely builds to toxic levels in the dairy animal?

Answer 54

Vitamin E

Question 55

Supplemental Vitamin E may help reduce the incidence of what costly dairy cattle disease?

Answer 55

mastitis

Question 56

Normal blood clotting requires which vitamin?

Answer 56

Vitamin K

Question 57

Name a symptom of Vitamin K deficiency.

Answer 57

Delayed clotting time of blood, hemorrhaging

Question 58

Why is Vitamin K never supplemented?

Answer 58

Because the rumen microbes synthesize and adequate amount

Question 59

Excessive levels of which fat-soluble vitamin are non-toxic?

Answer 59

Vitamin K