2013 Submitted SR Flashcards
Name four environmental factors to be considered when planning a waste management system.
rainfall, stream location, prevailing winds, evaporation, temperature, topography, soil type, surface drainage, water table depth
Name three operational factors to be considered when planning a waste management system.
herd size, cropping & feeding practices, land area, cropland for waste application, existing buildings & machinery
If a given bag of fertilizer is labeled with the numbers 15-10-5. Tell what nutrient each number represents and the percentage of each contained in the fertilizer.
1st - nitrogen, 15%; 2nd - phosphate, 10%; 3rd - potash, 5%
The rotational loafing lot management consists of vegetated exercise and rest areas. Name two benefits to this type of system.
runoff and soil erosion are reduced because the grass growing on the lots uses nutrients and stabilizes soil, cows stay cleaner
Name the three general categories of odor-controlling chemicals for manure management.
masking agents, odor counteractants, enzymatic products
List four factors that affect the nutritive value of manure.
amount of added feed, bedding & water; climate; crop;method of application; method of collection; method of storage; soil characteristics; time of application; type of feed ration
Name four conditions that can result in poor quality colostrum.
cow dry less than 3-4 weeks; pre-milking; young cow; leaking teats; dirty & udder teats
Name four of the advantages of using custom heifer growing services instead of raising your own heifers.
decreased labor requirement; increased milking herd management; increased facility capacity for milking cows; herd expansion without capital investment with use of existing facilities; increased feed inventory for milking cows; potential for better replacement heifers
Name the system of quality control that identifies where mistakes most often occur.
Hazard Assesments and Critical Control Points
According to Mike Hutjens of the University of Illinois, if you are short of forage in the fall, what are some strategies you can employ to offset that shortage?
Cull target cows (reproductive problem cows, high SCC cows, low producing index cows), sell bottom end heifers, buy forages that fall, stretch current supply with by-product feeds
If adding straw and corn stocks to your TMR what should be some of your concerns?
Straw and corn stalks are high fiber, have a greater fill factor, slows digestion, nitrate levels in corn stalks will also be there after it is processed and put into TMR, limits to amount that can be fed to cows and heifers, must process to avoid sorting.
The FDA has indicated that milk containing what level of aflatoxin cannot be used for human consumption?
0.5 ppb (parts per billion)
What color is the mold that produces aflatoxin?
olive green colored mold
What percentage of aflatoxin intake can be excreted by a lactating cow?
1 to 2%
Why is moldy corn is discounted in price?
The mold has eaten up some of the nutrients in the plant giving the corn less feed value.
Name one strategy a farmer can use to combat milk that is high in aflatoxin?
Test to determine what feeds are problematic, removes any at-risk feed, have milk co-op monitor weekly to ensure safety.
Approximately how many hours does it take to clear aflatoxin from the milk, once the problem feed is identified and removed?
48 hours
Approximatley how many days should it take for social stability to return to a cow that was moved to a deifferent group.
3-7 days
According to Mike Hutjens, due to the social impact of moving a cow from one group to another, the diary farmer should expect a drop in milk yeild of approximately what percentage?
2.5 - 5%
