2013 Submitted SR Flashcards
Name four environmental factors to be considered when planning a waste management system.
rainfall, stream location, prevailing winds, evaporation, temperature, topography, soil type, surface drainage, water table depth
Name three operational factors to be considered when planning a waste management system.
herd size, cropping & feeding practices, land area, cropland for waste application, existing buildings & machinery
If a given bag of fertilizer is labeled with the numbers 15-10-5. Tell what nutrient each number represents and the percentage of each contained in the fertilizer.
1st - nitrogen, 15%; 2nd - phosphate, 10%; 3rd - potash, 5%
The rotational loafing lot management consists of vegetated exercise and rest areas. Name two benefits to this type of system.
runoff and soil erosion are reduced because the grass growing on the lots uses nutrients and stabilizes soil, cows stay cleaner
Name the three general categories of odor-controlling chemicals for manure management.
masking agents, odor counteractants, enzymatic products
List four factors that affect the nutritive value of manure.
amount of added feed, bedding & water; climate; crop;method of application; method of collection; method of storage; soil characteristics; time of application; type of feed ration
Name four conditions that can result in poor quality colostrum.
cow dry less than 3-4 weeks; pre-milking; young cow; leaking teats; dirty & udder teats
Name four of the advantages of using custom heifer growing services instead of raising your own heifers.
decreased labor requirement; increased milking herd management; increased facility capacity for milking cows; herd expansion without capital investment with use of existing facilities; increased feed inventory for milking cows; potential for better replacement heifers
Name the system of quality control that identifies where mistakes most often occur.
Hazard Assesments and Critical Control Points
According to Mike Hutjens of the University of Illinois, if you are short of forage in the fall, what are some strategies you can employ to offset that shortage?
Cull target cows (reproductive problem cows, high SCC cows, low producing index cows), sell bottom end heifers, buy forages that fall, stretch current supply with by-product feeds
If adding straw and corn stocks to your TMR what should be some of your concerns?
Straw and corn stalks are high fiber, have a greater fill factor, slows digestion, nitrate levels in corn stalks will also be there after it is processed and put into TMR, limits to amount that can be fed to cows and heifers, must process to avoid sorting.
The FDA has indicated that milk containing what level of aflatoxin cannot be used for human consumption?
0.5 ppb (parts per billion)
What color is the mold that produces aflatoxin?
olive green colored mold
What percentage of aflatoxin intake can be excreted by a lactating cow?
1 to 2%
Why is moldy corn is discounted in price?
The mold has eaten up some of the nutrients in the plant giving the corn less feed value.
Name one strategy a farmer can use to combat milk that is high in aflatoxin?
Test to determine what feeds are problematic, removes any at-risk feed, have milk co-op monitor weekly to ensure safety.
Approximately how many hours does it take to clear aflatoxin from the milk, once the problem feed is identified and removed?
48 hours
Approximatley how many days should it take for social stability to return to a cow that was moved to a deifferent group.
3-7 days
According to Mike Hutjens, due to the social impact of moving a cow from one group to another, the diary farmer should expect a drop in milk yeild of approximately what percentage?
2.5 - 5%
Which breed of dairy cattle is less able to absorb calcium and mobilize it from bone?
Jersey
Name the only macromineral animals can regulate consumption of to meet requirements.
sodium
A deficiency of what macromineral is marked by impaired fertility, chewing on wood & rocks and a depressed DMI and milk yield?
phosphorus
Acidosis can be a sign of toxicity of which macromineral?
chlorine
Excess of which macromineral interferes with the absorption of copper and selenium?
sulfur
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport is aided by which macromineral?
potassium
The overfeeding of what macromineral can make it more difficult for famers to meet environmental regulations?
phosphorus
Anorexia, scaly dermatitis and hair loss are signs of toxicity for which vitamin?
Vitamin A
Supplemental vitamin E may reduce what costly disease in dairy cattle?
mastitis
Night blindness, retained placenta and still births are signs of a dificiency of which vitamin?
Vitamin A
Biotin assists enzymes involved in the transfer of what gas?
carbon dioxide
What vitamin is used in the synthesis methionine and glucose?
Vitamin B12
A deficiency of thiamine may be marked by what two signs?
muscular incoordination and progressive blindness
Which is the most likely micromineral to cause toxicity?
Copper
A goiter is a sign of a deficiency of what micromineral?
iodine
What makes a fat unsaturated?
at least one pair of carbon atoms does not contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
What two vitamins are suseptible to degradtion over time?
Vitamin A and E
According to an article from Hoard’s Dairyman on Calf & Heifer Health, most calfhood diseases begin where?
birthing pen
How soon after birth does a calf start trying to stand?
within 15 minutes
The extent of calf dehydration can be quickly and accurately determined by looking at what part of the cow’s anatomy?
eyeball
What term is used to describe management practices that protect the herd from the entry of new diseases and minimizes the spread and/or adverse effects of disease in the herd?
biosecurity
Tincture of iodine may be used to cure what common skin ailment?
ringworm
What common household pet is classified as a definitive host for the organism that causes neosporosis?
dog
Which species of fly is associated with grubs or warbles in cattle?
heel fly
Why is propylene glycol fed or admistered to dairy cattle?
to treat ketosis
Poloxolene may be administered to prevent or correct what?
bloat
Blackleg most often occurs in pastured cattle during what two seasons?
spring or fall
Name an undesirable recessive trait found in Brown Swiss Cattle.
Weaver, Spiderleg, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinal Dysmyelination
According to the USDA-AIPL for animals born in 2011, what breed had the highest percent of inbreeding?
Guernsey
What is the minimum number of daughters required for a bull to have a bull proof published?
10
