2014 Major Nutrients - Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name the three elements which make up carbohydrates.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Which major nutrient is the main energy source for plants?
carbohydrates
What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?
simple sugars
Monosaccharides are classified according to the number of which atoms?
carbon atoms
A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms is classified as a what?
hexose
Name three common hexoses.
glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose
Name a common pentose.
ribose
The prefix “di” refers to how many?
two
The prefix “poly” in polysaccharide means it contains how many monosaccharides?
many
Name two common disaccharides.
lactose, sucrose
Two monosaccharides joined together form a what?
disaccharide
Which two monosaccharides combine to form lactose?
glucose, galactose
The prefix “mono” refers to how many?
one
The term saccharide refers to what common food?
sugar
Starch, cellulose and hemicellulose are common examples of what?
polysaccharides
Monosaccharides are converted by the rumen mircobes into what?
VFA - volatile fatty acids
Name the three most common volatile fatty acids produced rumen microbes.
butyrate, acetate, proprionate
Carbohydrates in feedstuffs are divided onto what two categories?
fiber, non-fiber
Name the two fibrous carbohydrates.
cellulose, hemicellulose
What two digestible fibrous carbohydrates are found in the cell walls of plants?
cellulose, hemicellulose
Give an example of a non-fiber carbohydrate.
starch, pectin, sugar
Why can’t monogastrics digest fibrous carbohydrates?
Because their stomachs do not contain the rumen microbes which can break down fibrous carbohydrates.
Name the two tests used to measure the amount of fibrous carbohydrates in dairy rations.
1) neutral detergent fiber assay
2) acid detergent fiber assay
What is the name of the fibrous carbohydrate that is unable to be digested, even by rumen microbes?
lignin
Which test is used to predict how much feed a cow will be able to eat, without exceeding the capacity of her digestive system?
neutral detergent fiber
Which test is used to predict the energy value of the feed, because of its association with digestibility?
acid detergent fiber
Explain the common method used to determine the amount of non-fiber carbohydrates, and why this method must be used.
The amount of protein, NDF, mineral and fat content is added up and subtracted from 100, because the NFC (non-fiber carbohydrates) are difficult to measure directly.
What number does the prefix “pent” represent?
five
What number does the prefix “hex” represent?
six
What is a monosaccharide?
simple sugar
