2013 Submitted INT Flashcards
Name 4 of the recommended protein sources for milk replacers.
casein, dried skim milk, dried whey, dried whey product, dried whey protein concentrate, modified wheat protein, protein modified soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate
Give 3 storage options for excess colostrum.
add preservative acid, ferment, freeze, refrigerate
Name 4 conditions that can result in poor quality colostrum.
cows dry less than 3-4 weeks, pre-milking, young cow, leaking teats, dirty udder and teats
Name 2 of the 3 liquid diet choices for pre-weaned calves.
milk replacer, whole milk, colostrum
Name 4 of the major causes of scours in dairy calves.
inadequate colostrum, poor quality milk replacer, unsanitary calving conditions, overfeeding, poor quality colostrum, overcrowding, inadequate ventilation
Name the 3 segments of the small intestine.
duodenum, ileum, jejunum
Name 3 enzymes produced by the small intestines.
amylase, peptidase, lipase
When considering the factors that influence the quantity of saliva produced by the dairy animal, all these factors involve the physical stimulation of what 3 parts of the digestive system.
mouth, tongue, esophagus
The rumen contains 5 sacs. Name 3 of the 5.
cranial, dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal blind, caudoventral blind
Composting requires four things in order to take place. Name the four things composting requires.
air, moisture, nutrients, carbon
What is the average length of a mature dairy cow’s small intestine?
130 ft
Besides the small intestine itself, what two organs also produce secretions that enter the duodenum?
pancreas, liver
Name the enzyme that digests lipids or fats.
lipase
Secretions into the duodenum break down starches and carbohydrates into what?
simple sugars
List one of the three types of secretions that come from the pancreas.
buffers, enzymes, hormones
Name two hormones produced by the pancreas.
insulin, glucagon
A substance secreted into the blood that acts on tissue in other parts of the body to produce a biological response is called a what?
hormone
Name the organ of the digestive system that secretes bile.
liver
A high content of what nutrient will cause the liver to release bile?
fat
What organ in the dairy cow, synthesizes or makes nearly all the glucose needed every day?
liver
Besides the rumen, what other digestive system organ is sacculated?
large intestine
The rumen is the primary place where volatile fatty acids and microbial protein are produced. Name the other digestive system organ where VFA’s and microbial protein are produced.
large intestine
The term monogastric means what?
single-stomached
What does the acronym DIM stand for?
days in milk
Name one of the three reasons a lactation record is generally adjusted.
lactation length, mature equivalent, 2 times a day milking
Name 2 of the 4 necessary economic inputs for a dairy operation.
land, labor, capital, management
Give the common name for erythrocytes.
red blood cells
Name 2 ways a dairy animal can lose body heat.
convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation
The condition in which animals experience good health, are able to effectively cope with their environment, and are able to express a diversity of species-typical behaviors is known by this term.
animal well-being
Name the site of semen deposition in natural or bull serivce.
vagina, next to cervix
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone controls the release of which two hormones from the pituitary gland?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH)
Which reproductive organ is responsible for the production of prostaglandin?
uterus
What is the most reliable sign of estrus?
standing to be mounted
The thin cylinder in which frozen semen is preserved is known by what name?
French straw
During what stage of the estrous cycle is the corpus luteum present?
diestrus
Approximately how many hours after the onset of standing heat should a cow be artificially inseminated?
5 - 15 hours
How many days after breeding are most embryo transfers conducted?
7 or 8 days
An animal that receives a fertilized ovum from a donor cow is called what?
recipient
Name the hormone used in the process of superovulation?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The leading environmental issue facing farmers is the contamination of ground and surface water by what two elements?
phosphorus, nitrogen
The movement of nitrate through the soils to groundwater is known by thie term.
leaching
What practice allows manure to be applied according to crop needs rather than on a daily basis?
manure storage
What type of storage facility would be used for slurry manure storage?
anaerobic pit, earthen structure, above ground tank
Name one benefit of manure testing.
may reduce fertilizer purchases, may prevent application of nutrients in excess of crop requirements
The term non-point source usually refers to pollutants that contaminate what?
ground or surface water
Name the financial incentive provided by the state or federal government to the farmer to help pay for equipment or practices that reduce pollution.
cost-share
What is the name given to a plan for the land application of manure and fertilizer to meet crop needs?
nutrient management plan
If you pick up a bag of 15-10-5 fertilizer, what is the percentage of nitrogen?
15%
Name 2 of the 5 factors that should be considered when planning a waste management system.
environmental, operational, economic, social, legal requirements
In terms of nutrient management, an animal unit is how many pounds of live weight of any animal.
1000 lbs
