Lecture 8 - Integument Anatomy 1

Question 1

What is important about the stratum basale?

Answer 1

It is where cell division occurs

Question 2

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 2

increased division and layers of tissues

Question 3

stratum corneum

Answer 3

contains keratinocytes (think horn)

Question 4

What layer of skin determines the thickness

Answer 4

dermis

Question 5

T/F: the hypodermis is composed of areolar tissue

Answer 5

True

Question 6

turgor

Answer 6

test of hydration

Question 7

What are the 7 appendageal structures

Answer 7

1 - hair
2 - glands
3 - pads
4 - chestnuts, ergots
5 - claws and hooves
6 - horns
7 - cutaneous

Question 8

What layer of the skin invaginates to become a hair follicle

Answer 8

epidermis

Question 9

T/F: movement of the arrector pili is voluntary

Answer 9

False - smooth muscle movement is involuntary

Question 10

What is the difference between guard hairs and wool hairs

Answer 10

guard hairs are the protective outer coat of all domestic animals except sheep; wool hairs is the undercoat of sheep

Question 11

What are tactile hairs? Give an example

Answer 11

modified guard hairs surrounded by a blood sinus

whiskers

Question 12

How do tactile hairs work?

Answer 12

movement of the hair is amplified by blood via a wave that stimulates nerves

Question 13

Lanolin

Answer 13

produced by sheep sebaceous

Question 14

what gland produces protein-rich secretions

Answer 14

sweat

Question 15

what gland produces oily sebum

Answer 15

sebaceous

Question 16

What is the difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

Answer 16

other than size, apocrine is protein-rich and associated with smell, and eccrine is watery

Question 17

Ceruminous glands produce

Answer 17

earwax

Question 18

T/F: the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland

Answer 18

True

Question 19

mammae

Answer 19

tissue associated with one teat

Question 20

supernumerary teat are

a. functional
b. nonfunctional
c. lactating

Answer 20

b. nonfunctional

Question 21

What are the three names used to describe paw pads

Answer 21

carpal pad
metacarpal pad
digital pad

Question 22

What is a chestnut

a. a type of nut
b. epidermal structure on the palmar/plantar surface
c. epidermal structure on the medial surface of appendages

Answer 22

c. epidermal structure on the medial surface of appendages

Question 23

the proper term for hoof

Answer 23

ungula

Question 24

what differentiates hoof from claw

Answer 24

the hoof is a weight-bearing structure

Question 25

how are digits numbered

Answer 25

a dewclaw (whether present or not is 1)

Question 26

why is it not common practice to dehorn adult horned ruminants

Answer 26

Over time, the corneal process grows to where there is an extension of the frontal sinus think poached rhinos - could result in extensive bleeding and infection

Question 27

T/F: herbivores have anal sacs

Answer 27

False - carnivores have anal sacs

Question 28

what is secreted by anal sacs

Answer 28

serofatty solution

Question 29

what are anal sacs used for

Answer 29

marking

Question 30

what are the three cutaneous pouches in sheep

Answer 30

1 - infraorbital 2 - interdigital 3 - inguinal

Question 31

What function do the inguinal sinuses serve in ewes

Answer 31

identification of lambs after stimulation of the teats

Question 32

What is the jugular groove

Answer 32

a linear depression defined by the sternocephalicus and cleidocephalicus

Question 33

what is the jugular fossa

Answer 33

depression adjacent to the cranial point of the sternum

Question 34

What is Viborg's triangle

Answer 34

an external feature that sits over the pharyngeal

Question 35

What are Viborg's triangle's boundaries? Hint: bone, tendon, vein

Answer 35

mandible, sternocephalicus, linguofacial

Question 36

What features 'complicate' external jugular vein access in the ox and pig

Answer 36

the jugular vein lies deep and there is no distinct jugular groove

Question 37

what are the cutaneous pouches in carnivores

Answer 37

anal sacs (glands)

Question 38

what is a clinical condition in the carnivore connected to its cutaneous pouches

Answer 38

anal sac abscessation

Question 39

describe the basic parts of a horn

Answer 39

bony (corneal) process surrounded by epidermal tissue

Question 40

what is the function of paw pads

Answer 40

weight bearing and shock absorption

Question 41

which animals have mammary glands and which have udders

Answer 41

Mammary glands = pigs, cats, dog Udders = ruminants, horses, any animal with inguinal mammae

Question 42

what is a clinical condition of the mammae

Answer 42

Mastitis

Question 43

what is the common integument and what does it include

Answer 43

it is the vital outer covering and barrier of the animal which includes skin, appendageal structures, SQ tissue, vascular and nerve supply