Lecture 8 - Integument Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What is important about the stratum basale?
It is where cell division occurs
Hyperkeratosis
increased division and layers of tissues
stratum corneum
contains keratinocytes (think horn)
What layer of skin determines the thickness
dermis
T/F: the hypodermis is composed of areolar tissue
True
turgor
test of hydration
What are the 7 appendageal structures
1 - hair
2 - glands
3 - pads
4 - chestnuts, ergots
5 - claws and hooves
6 - horns
7 - cutaneous
What layer of the skin invaginates to become a hair follicle
epidermis
T/F: movement of the arrector pili is voluntary
False - smooth muscle movement is involuntary
What is the difference between guard hairs and wool hairs
guard hairs are the protective outer coat of all domestic animals except sheep; wool hairs is the undercoat of sheep
What are tactile hairs? Give an example
modified guard hairs surrounded by a blood sinus
whiskers
How do tactile hairs work?
movement of the hair is amplified by blood via a wave that stimulates nerves
Lanolin
produced by sheep sebaceous
what gland produces protein-rich secretions
sweat
what gland produces oily sebum
sebaceous
What is the difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands
other than size, apocrine is protein-rich and associated with smell, and eccrine is watery
Ceruminous glands produce
earwax
T/F: the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland
True
mammae
tissue associated with one teat
supernumerary teat are
a. functional
b. nonfunctional
c. lactating
b. nonfunctional
What are the three names used to describe paw pads
carpal pad
metacarpal pad
digital pad
What is a chestnut
a. a type of nut
b. epidermal structure on the palmar/plantar surface
c. epidermal structure on the medial surface of appendages
c. epidermal structure on the medial surface of appendages
the proper term for hoof
ungula
what differentiates hoof from claw
the hoof is a weight-bearing structure
how are digits numbered
a dewclaw (whether present or not is 1)
why is it not common practice to dehorn adult horned ruminants
Over time, the corneal process grows to where there is an extension of the frontal sinus
think poached rhinos - could result in extensive bleeding and infection
T/F: herbivores have anal sacs
False - carnivores have anal sacs
what is secreted by anal sacs
serofatty solution
what are anal sacs used for
marking
what are the three cutaneous pouches in sheep
1 - infraorbital
2 - interdigital
3 - inguinal
What function do the inguinal sinuses serve in ewes
identification of lambs after stimulation of the teats
What is the jugular groove
a linear depression defined by the sternocephalicus and cleidocephalicus
what is the jugular fossa
depression adjacent to the cranial point of the sternum
What is Viborg’s triangle
an external feature that sits over the pharyngeal
What are Viborg’s triangle’s boundaries? Hint: bone, tendon, vein
mandible, sternocephalicus, linguofacial
What features ‘complicate’ external jugular vein access in the ox and pig
the jugular vein lies deep and there is no distinct jugular groove
what are the cutaneous pouches in carnivores
anal sacs (glands)
what is a clinical condition in the carnivore connected to its cutaneous pouches
anal sac abscessation
describe the basic parts of a horn
bony (corneal) process surrounded by epidermal tissue
what is the function of paw pads
weight bearing and shock absorption
which animals have mammary glands and which have udders
Mammary glands = pigs, cats, dog
Udders = ruminants, horses, any animal with inguinal mammae
what is a clinical condition of the mammae
Mastitis
what is the common integument and what does it include
it is the vital outer covering and barrier of the animal which includes skin, appendageal structures, SQ tissue, vascular and nerve supply
