Lecture 22 - MSK Thoracic Wall Flashcards
How many ribs are present in our comparative species?
Feline/Canine/Caprine/Bovine - 13
Porcine - 14
Equine - 18
What is the range for number of sternebrae for our species?
Feline/Canine - 8
Bovine/Caprine/Equine - 7
Porcine - 6
What is “kissing spine”?
overriding dorsal spinous processes
Where is the “kissing spine” most commonly located? give species and location in the vertebral column
Equine; T13-18 but usually T15
What forms the costal arch?
a continuous line of united costal cartilages
What is the costochondral junction?
where the rib meets cartilage
What is the intercostal space?
space between adjacent ribs filled with muscles, neurovascular, and other soft tissues
Given the number of ribs present, how many intercostal spaces should there be?
There should be one less intercostal space than there are ribs
The sternebrae are a site of harvesting of what tissue?
bone marrow
What is the manubrium?
1st sternebra
What is the xiphoid process?
last sternebra (8th in carnivores)
When may we palpate the xiphoid process?
when looking to make a cranial abdomen incision
Name one muscle of inspiration on the thoracic wall
serratus dorsalis (cranial and caudal)
scalenus
rectus thoracis
Describe the intercostal muscles and the directions of their fibers
external - caudal, ventral
internal - cranial, ventral
Name the thoracic wall muscle located on the deep ventral aspect of the lateral walls
transversus thoracis m.
Where do the intercostal nerve and vessels pass concerning the associated rib
ventrally, caudal margin of rib
Describe the boundaries of the thoracic inlet - what passes through this region
T1
1st ribs
manubrium
trachea, esophagus, carotid, subclavian
Describe the boundaries of the thoracic outlet - what passes through this region
last vertebra
last ribs
xiphoid
diaphragm
esophagus, descending aorta, caudal vena cava
Name 3 clinical applications of palpating the external thoracic wall anatomy
- auscultating heart/lungs
- perform thoracentesis
- alleviate respiratory distress
Describe the general anatomy used to perform a thoracentesis
at olecranon (level)
cranial margin of ribs
L 7-9 ICS, R 6/7 ICS
What is the anticlinal vertebra
where the spinous processes switch from caudal incline to cranial incline
What are the clinical signs of “kissing spines”
overt lameness and poor overall performance
