Lecture 48 - Brain Anatomy 2

Question 1

which of the following vessels provides blood supply to the brain of both dogs and cats

a. maxillary artery
b. basilar artery
c. internal carotid
d. arterial circle

Answer 1

d. arterial circle

Question 2

do clinical signs in the telencephalon occur ipsilateral or contralateral

Answer 2

contralateral

Question 3

what is the inter thalamic adhesion

Answer 3

fusion of left and right thalami surrounded by the 3rd ventricle

Question 4

what is the relay nucleus

Answer 4

the thalamus for somatosensory input

Question 5

what serves as the relay center for vision and hearing

Answer 5

diencephalon

Question 6

lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 6

vision relay

Question 7

medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 7

auditory relay

Question 8

T/F: the hypothalamus has autonomic and endocrine functions

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

what is polydipsia commonly associated with in the brain

Answer 9

pituitary gland tumors

Question 10

the tectum is ____ while the tegmentum is _____

Answer 10

sensory; motor

Question 11

the oculomotor nerve exits the brain _____ while the trochlear nerve exits the brain ____ in regards to the mesencephalon

Answer 11

ventrally, dorsally

Question 12

give the reflex for:

rostral colliculi

Answer 12

visual

Question 13

give the reflex for:

caudal colliculi

Answer 13

auditory

Question 14

the pretectal nuclei is involved in what reflex

Answer 14

pupillary light reflex

Question 15

T/F: the tegmentum contains both UMN and LMN

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

UMN nuclei in the mesencephalon control ____ movement

Answer 16

voluntary

Question 17

What is the red nucleus and what is its significance?

Answer 17

an important UMN nucleus for voluntary movement in cats and dogs

Question 18

what is the reticular formation

Answer 18

diffuse network of nuclei and tracts that integrates information from multiple areas

Question 19

what is considered the seat of consciousness? what does this mean?

Answer 19

the ascending reticular activating systems (ARAS)

allows response to sensory input; lesions result in a depressed state of consciousness

Question 20

the ________ is a common site for CSF obstruction

Answer 20

mesencephalic aqueduct

Question 21

lesions that obstruct the ventricular system can cause clinical signs referable to what area of the brain

Answer 21

mesencephalon and forebrain

Question 22

T/F: majority of visual field is viewed by the contralateral eye

Answer 22

FALSE - ipsilateral; binocular vision

Question 23

depth perception is related to

Answer 23

how much of the optic fibers cross in the optic chiasm

Question 24

describe: reflex

Answer 24

protective, no cerebral processing

ex: PLR, spinal, palpebral

Question 25

describe: response

Answer 25

perception of sensory stimuli, cerebral processing

ex: menace response, proprioception

Question 26

if there are both visual and pupillary deficits, what structures are impaired?

Answer 26

retina
optic nerve
optic chiasm
optic tract

Question 27

if there are only pupillary deficits, what structures are impaired?

Answer 27

pretectal nucleus
the parasympathetic nucleus of CN3
CN3
ciliary ganglion
ciliary nerve
constrictor m

Question 28

if there are only visual deficits, what structures are impaired?

Answer 28

lateral geniculate
optic radiation
occipital cortex