Lecture 35 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Excitatory projection neurons produce
glutamate
Inhibitory interneurons produce
GABA
What are the 3 models of local circuits in the CNS
- cortical areas
- subcortical nuclei
- Brain stem
What do the subcortical nuclei include
basal nuclei
amygdala
thalamus
hypothalamus
What are CNS drivers
Glutamate
GABA
What are CNS modulators
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
What are PNS drivers
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
T/F: norepinephrine is postganglionic
TRUE
what neurotransmitter is excitatory in muscle but inhibitory in the heart
ACH
what neurotransmitter is typically excitatory but inhibitory to retinal neurons
Glutamate
T/F: excitation and inhibition in synapses are determined by neurotransmitters
FALSE - determined by receptors
What are effector enzymes
cAMP
Describe the Ionotropic channels response
rapid
Describe NMDA receptors
- ionotropic
- ligand and voltage-gated
- requires glycine as a co-agonist
- mediates Na+, K+, and Ca2+
what blocks the NMDA channel
Mg2+
What is an example of a metabotropic receptor
G-coupled receptors
T/F: Glutamate receptors are considered metabotropic
TRUE
Class I Glutamate receptor
Phospholipase C and Ca2+ coupled
Class II and II Glutamate receptor
adenylyl cyclase
Will neurons activated by metabotropic receptors be slower or faster than ionotropic? why?
Slower - electrogenic response is slower than ligand
what is UNTRUE about Glutamate receptors?
a. changes both pre- and post-synaptic potentials
b. expressed by astrocytes
c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems
c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems
Gaba receptors are an example of
ionotropic receptors
GABA-A receptors move
chloride
GABA-A has an important agonist function in
tranquilizers (global depressants of CNS activity)
GABA-A has an important antagonist function in
convulsants (stimulants of CNS activity)
T/F: GABA-B is a metabotropic receptor
TRUE
what does GABA-B influence
K+ and Ca2+
what types of seizures can result from defective Na+ channels and GABA receptors
genetic or developmental
what is the most common cause of seizures
disruption in the balance of inhibition and excitation
T/F: tetanus works to break down SNARE proteins in the inhibitory interneurons and spinal cord
TRUE
what are Renshaw cells
glycinergic interneurons targeted by tetanus specifically
what is treated with an infusion of activated charcoal and acts as a glycine inhibitor
Strychnine
