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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 35 - Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Lecture 35 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Excitatory projection neurons produce

A

glutamate

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2
Q

Inhibitory interneurons produce

A

GABA

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3
Q

What are the 3 models of local circuits in the CNS

A
  1. cortical areas
  2. subcortical nuclei
  3. Brain stem
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4
Q

What do the subcortical nuclei include

A

basal nuclei
amygdala
thalamus
hypothalamus

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5
Q

What are CNS drivers

A

Glutamate
GABA

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6
Q

What are CNS modulators

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin

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7
Q

What are PNS drivers

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine

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8
Q

T/F: norepinephrine is postganglionic

A

TRUE

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9
Q

what neurotransmitter is excitatory in muscle but inhibitory in the heart

A

ACH

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10
Q

what neurotransmitter is typically excitatory but inhibitory to retinal neurons

A

Glutamate

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11
Q

T/F: excitation and inhibition in synapses are determined by neurotransmitters

A

FALSE - determined by receptors

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12
Q

What are effector enzymes

A

cAMP

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13
Q

Describe the Ionotropic channels response

A

rapid

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14
Q

Describe NMDA receptors

A
  • ionotropic
  • ligand and voltage-gated
  • requires glycine as a co-agonist
  • mediates Na+, K+, and Ca2+
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15
Q

what blocks the NMDA channel

A

Mg2+

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16
Q

What is an example of a metabotropic receptor

A

G-coupled receptors

17
Q

T/F: Glutamate receptors are considered metabotropic

A

TRUE

18
Q

Class I Glutamate receptor

A

Phospholipase C and Ca2+ coupled

19
Q

Class II and II Glutamate receptor

A

adenylyl cyclase

20
Q

Will neurons activated by metabotropic receptors be slower or faster than ionotropic? why?

A

Slower - electrogenic response is slower than ligand

21
Q

what is UNTRUE about Glutamate receptors?

a. changes both pre- and post-synaptic potentials
b. expressed by astrocytes
c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems

A

c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems

22
Q

Gaba receptors are an example of

A

ionotropic receptors

23
Q

GABA-A receptors move

A

chloride

24
Q

GABA-A has an important agonist function in

A

tranquilizers (global depressants of CNS activity)

25
Q

GABA-A has an important antagonist function in

A

convulsants (stimulants of CNS activity)

26
Q

T/F: GABA-B is a metabotropic receptor

A

TRUE

27
Q

what does GABA-B influence

A

K+ and Ca2+

28
Q

what types of seizures can result from defective Na+ channels and GABA receptors

A

genetic or developmental

29
Q

what is the most common cause of seizures

A

disruption in the balance of inhibition and excitation

30
Q

T/F: tetanus works to break down SNARE proteins in the inhibitory interneurons and spinal cord

A

TRUE

31
Q

what are Renshaw cells

A

glycinergic interneurons targeted by tetanus specifically

32
Q

what is treated with an infusion of activated charcoal and acts as a glycine inhibitor

A

Strychnine

Form & Function 1 (55 decks)

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