Lecture 35 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Excitatory projection neurons produce

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inhibitory interneurons produce

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 models of local circuits in the CNS

A
  1. cortical areas
  2. subcortical nuclei
  3. Brain stem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the subcortical nuclei include

A

basal nuclei
amygdala
thalamus
hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are CNS drivers

A

Glutamate
GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are CNS modulators

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are PNS drivers

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: norepinephrine is postganglionic

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what neurotransmitter is excitatory in muscle but inhibitory in the heart

A

ACH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what neurotransmitter is typically excitatory but inhibitory to retinal neurons

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: excitation and inhibition in synapses are determined by neurotransmitters

A

FALSE - determined by receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are effector enzymes

A

cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Ionotropic channels response

A

rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe NMDA receptors

A
  • ionotropic
  • ligand and voltage-gated
  • requires glycine as a co-agonist
  • mediates Na+, K+, and Ca2+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what blocks the NMDA channel

A

Mg2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of a metabotropic receptor

A

G-coupled receptors

17
Q

T/F: Glutamate receptors are considered metabotropic

18
Q

Class I Glutamate receptor

A

Phospholipase C and Ca2+ coupled

19
Q

Class II and II Glutamate receptor

A

adenylyl cyclase

20
Q

Will neurons activated by metabotropic receptors be slower or faster than ionotropic? why?

A

Slower - electrogenic response is slower than ligand

21
Q

what is UNTRUE about Glutamate receptors?

a. changes both pre- and post-synaptic potentials
b. expressed by astrocytes
c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems

A

c. did not evolve through glutamate-specific control systems

22
Q

Gaba receptors are an example of

A

ionotropic receptors

23
Q

GABA-A receptors move

24
Q

GABA-A has an important agonist function in

A

tranquilizers (global depressants of CNS activity)

25
GABA-A has an important antagonist function in
convulsants (stimulants of CNS activity)
26
T/F: GABA-B is a metabotropic receptor
TRUE
27
what does GABA-B influence
K+ and Ca2+
28
what types of seizures can result from defective Na+ channels and GABA receptors
genetic or developmental
29
what is the most common cause of seizures
disruption in the balance of inhibition and excitation
30
T/F: tetanus works to break down SNARE proteins in the inhibitory interneurons and spinal cord
TRUE
31
what are Renshaw cells
glycinergic interneurons targeted by tetanus specifically
32
what is treated with an infusion of activated charcoal and acts as a glycine inhibitor
Strychnine