Lecture 33 - Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 nervous systems

A
  1. Central nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system
  3. Enteric nervous system
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2
Q

The CNS contains the

A

brain
spinal cord

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3
Q

The PNS contains the

A

peripheral nerves (cranial & spinal)
Neuromuscular junction

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4
Q

What embryonic layer makes the nervous system

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

what embryonic layer makes the notochord

A

mesoderm

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6
Q

What does the notochord become

A

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

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7
Q

what does the alar plate give rise to?

A

dorsal horn (sensory)

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8
Q

what does the basal plate give rise to?

A

ventral horn (motor)

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9
Q

where is the subarachnoid space located in relation to the layers of the dura

A

between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

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10
Q

what is found in the subarachnoid space

A

CSF

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11
Q

what is the cerebellomedullary cistern and what is its clinical significance?

A

space at C1 where the SAS is expanded and spinal taps are performed

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12
Q

where is the CSF produced?

A

choroid plexus

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13
Q

summarize primary neuralation

A
  1. ectoderm thickens to make the neural plate
  2. neural groove appears
  3. folds generate the neural tube and neural crest cells
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14
Q

summarize secondary neuralation

A
  1. caudal neuropore closes
  2. solid tube of ectodermal cells develop cavities - producing a hollow tube that connects with the central canal
  3. sacral/caudal cord segments develop here
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15
Q

What are the 3 zones of the early spinal cord (outermost to innermost)

A
  1. marginal layer
  2. mantle layer
  3. ventricular zone
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16
Q

the dorsal median sulcus deals with _____ inputs

17
Q

the ventral median fissure deals with ____ inputs

18
Q

Describe the locations of the lateral horn

A

T1-L4/5 (sympathetic)
S1-3 (parasympathetic)

19
Q

What do neural crest cells produce

A

sympathetic postganglionic neurons
adrenal medulla
melanoblasts
Schwann cells

20
Q

What is Spina Bifida

A

failure of fusion of the vertebral arch

21
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

bone missing

22
Q

Spina Bifida Aperta

A

meninges protrude (meningocele)
meninges + spinal cord (meningomyelocele)

23
Q

dura mater

A

very tough
fused to the skull and C1 periosteum
covers optic nerve

24
Q

arachnoid mater

A

fused to dura mater
delicate trabecular projections to pia mater
“buffer zone”

25
pia mater
closely apposed to CNS adjacent to glia limitans thickens bilaterally to form denticulate ligaments to suspend spinal cord
26
What is the blood-brain barrier
a barrier between the plasma in CNS vessel and ECF made of endothelial tight junctions, pericytes, and astrocytic endfeet
27
what two locations can be used to sample CSF
1. cerebellomedullary cistern 2. lumbar cistern
28
Meningitis
inflammation of meninges
29
subdural abscess
caused by bacterial infections and can cause separation of dura from skull
30
Meningiomas develop from
arachnoid cap cells
31
Describe the ventricular system
2 lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle
32
Lateral ventricles
each has choroid plexus connect via interventricular foramen to 3rd
33
3rd ventricle
contains extensions of lateral choroid plexi surrounds interthalamic adhesion connects to 4th via mesencephalic aqueduct
34
4th ventricle
lies over pons and medulla has paired choroid plexi flows into central canal + SAS
35
choroid plexus
cluster of villi projecting into the ventricle CSF producing
36
Arachnoid villi ____ with increasing CSF pressure and ____ drainage
expand; increase