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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 23 - MSK Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - MSK Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

List the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

cranial - diaphragm

caudal - pelvic inlet

dorsal - vertebral column & hypaxial muscles

ventral - linea alba

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2
Q

Define the flank region

A

lateral, caudal abdominal wall (no ribs)

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3
Q

What muscle makes up the fold of the flank?

A

cutaneous trunci

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4
Q

What is the use of this flank fold?

A

handhold for restraining small ruminants

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5
Q

what abdominal muscles contribute to the paralumbar fossa

A

internal abdominal oblique

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5
Q

Define the boundaries of the paralumbar fossa

A

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
last rib
tension ridge (IAO)

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6
Q

What is a clinical use of the paralumbar fossa?

A

site of laparotomy (ruminants) and laparoscopy (equine)

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7
Q

Where does the subiliac lymph node drain?

A

to the medial iliac lymph node

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8
Q

What animals have a subiliac lymph node?

A

ruminant, horse, and pig

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9
Q

List the layers of the abdominal wall (superficial to deep)

A

external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the elastic abdominal tunic? Where is it found?

A

provides additional passive support to the abdominal wall

it covers the surface of the external abdominal oblique

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11
Q

What vessel may be disrupted in dorsal flank surgery or laparoscopy?

A

deep circumflex iliac a.

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12
Q

What is meant by a “heave” line and who gets one?

A

a prominent musculotendinous junction between hypertrophied muscle of EAO and aponeurosis

severe equine asthma patients

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13
Q

define the inguinal canal

A

pathway between abdominal wall muscles and their aponeuroses

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14
Q

What forms the rectus sheath? Where are they?

A

formed by the aponeuroses of the EAO, IAO, TA surrounding the RA

external - superficial RA
internal - deep RA

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15
Q

What is the clinical importance of the external rectus sheath?

A

strongest suture holding layer when closing a paramedian incision

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16
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

ventral midline junction of rectus sheaths that extends from xiphoid process to pubis

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17
Q

What are the features of the linea alba that make it a good choice for abdominal incision?

A

avascular and no nerves, strong suture properties

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18
Q

List the sequential layers for a ventral midline celiotomy

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissue
  3. linea alba
  4. retroperitoneal fat
  5. peritoneum
19
Q

List the sequential layers of a paramedian incision

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissues
  3. external rectus sheath
  4. rectus abdominis
  5. internal rectus sheath
  6. retroperitoneal fat
  7. peritoneum
20
Q

List the sequential layers for a laparotomy

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissue
  3. EAO
  4. IAO
  5. TA
  6. peritoneum
21
Q

When closing, what tissues are considered our strength-holding layers

A
  1. TA/IAO
  2. EAO
  3. skin
  4. maybe SQ layer
22
Q

What are the origins of the external abdominal oblique? Where do the fibers run?

A

thoracolumbar fascia and lateral surface of ribs

caudoventrally

23
Q

What are the origins of the internal abdominal oblique? Where do the fibers run?

A

tuber coxae and thoracolumbar fascia

cranioventrally

24
Q

What are the origins of the transversus abdominis? Where do the fibers run?

A

lumbar transverse processes

dorsoventrally

25
Q

What are the origins of the rectus abdominis? Where do the fibers run?

A

costal cartilage/sternum and brim of pubis

craniocadually

26
Q

What is unique about the rectus abdominis?

A

divided into segments by the tendinous inscriptions (6-pack)

27
Q

What is unique about the internal abdominal oblique?

A

covers paralumbar fossa

28
Q

What is unique about the tranversus abdominis?

A

spinal nerves on the surface

29
Q

How is the superficial inguinal ring formed

A

slit in the aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique

30
Q

what passes through the inguinal canal

A

external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral n.
spermatic cord
vaginal process

31
Q

how is the deep inguinal ring formed

A

intersection of the inguinal ligament, caudal border of the IAO, and lateral border of the RA

32
Q

When would we do a paramedian cut versus a ventral midline cut

A

if the linea alba is infected or if needing access to a particular organ

33
Q

Attachment of:

iliocostalis system

A

ilium to rib 1

34
Q

Attachment of:

longissimus system

A

ilium to skull

35
Q

Attachment of:

transversospinalis system

A

sacrum to skull

36
Q

Attachment of:

semispinalis capitis

A

thoracic vertebrae to the skull

37
Q

Attachment of:

splenius

A

spinous processes T1-3 and median raphe to the skull

38
Q

Attachment of:

longus colli

A

ventral vertebral bodies and transverse processes T6-C1

39
Q

Attachment of:

longus capitis

A

cervical transverse processes to skull

40
Q

What are the extensors and lateral movers of the vertebral column

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, and transversospinalis

41
Q

What are the extensors of the head and neck

A

semispinalis and splenius

42
Q

T/F: splenius and semispinalis secondarily laterally flex the neck

A

True

43
Q

Action of:

longus colli

A

flex neck

44
Q

Action of:

longus capitis

A

flex atlanto-occipital joint
draw neck ventrally

Form & Function 1 (26 decks)

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