Lecture 23 - MSK Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

List the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A

cranial - diaphragm

caudal - pelvic inlet

dorsal - vertebral column & hypaxial muscles

ventral - linea alba

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2
Q

Define the flank region

A

lateral, caudal abdominal wall (no ribs)

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3
Q

What muscle makes up the fold of the flank?

A

cutaneous trunci

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4
Q

What is the use of this flank fold?

A

handhold for restraining small ruminants

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5
Q

what abdominal muscles contribute to the paralumbar fossa

A

internal abdominal oblique

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5
Q

Define the boundaries of the paralumbar fossa

A

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
last rib
tension ridge (IAO)

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6
Q

What is a clinical use of the paralumbar fossa?

A

site of laparotomy (ruminants) and laparoscopy (equine)

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7
Q

Where does the subiliac lymph node drain?

A

to the medial iliac lymph node

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8
Q

What animals have a subiliac lymph node?

A

ruminant, horse, and pig

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9
Q

List the layers of the abdominal wall (superficial to deep)

A

external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the elastic abdominal tunic? Where is it found?

A

provides additional passive support to the abdominal wall

it covers the surface of the external abdominal oblique

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11
Q

What vessel may be disrupted in dorsal flank surgery or laparoscopy?

A

deep circumflex iliac a.

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12
Q

What is meant by a “heave” line and who gets one?

A

a prominent musculotendinous junction between hypertrophied muscle of EAO and aponeurosis

severe equine asthma patients

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13
Q

define the inguinal canal

A

pathway between abdominal wall muscles and their aponeuroses

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14
Q

What forms the rectus sheath? Where are they?

A

formed by the aponeuroses of the EAO, IAO, TA surrounding the RA

external - superficial RA
internal - deep RA

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15
Q

What is the clinical importance of the external rectus sheath?

A

strongest suture holding layer when closing a paramedian incision

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16
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

ventral midline junction of rectus sheaths that extends from xiphoid process to pubis

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17
Q

What are the features of the linea alba that make it a good choice for abdominal incision?

A

avascular and no nerves, strong suture properties

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18
Q

List the sequential layers for a ventral midline celiotomy

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissue
  3. linea alba
  4. retroperitoneal fat
  5. peritoneum
19
Q

List the sequential layers of a paramedian incision

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissues
  3. external rectus sheath
  4. rectus abdominis
  5. internal rectus sheath
  6. retroperitoneal fat
  7. peritoneum
20
Q

List the sequential layers for a laparotomy

A
  1. skin
  2. SQ tissue
  3. EAO
  4. IAO
  5. TA
  6. peritoneum
21
Q

When closing, what tissues are considered our strength-holding layers

A
  1. TA/IAO
  2. EAO
  3. skin
  4. maybe SQ layer
22
Q

What are the origins of the external abdominal oblique? Where do the fibers run?

A

thoracolumbar fascia and lateral surface of ribs

caudoventrally

23
Q

What are the origins of the internal abdominal oblique? Where do the fibers run?

A

tuber coxae and thoracolumbar fascia

cranioventrally

24
What are the origins of the transversus abdominis? Where do the fibers run?
lumbar transverse processes dorsoventrally
25
What are the origins of the rectus abdominis? Where do the fibers run?
costal cartilage/sternum and brim of pubis craniocadually
26
What is unique about the rectus abdominis?
divided into segments by the tendinous inscriptions (6-pack)
27
What is unique about the internal abdominal oblique?
covers paralumbar fossa
28
What is unique about the tranversus abdominis?
spinal nerves on the surface
29
How is the superficial inguinal ring formed
slit in the aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique
30
what passes through the inguinal canal
external pudendal a/v genitofemoral n. spermatic cord vaginal process
31
how is the deep inguinal ring formed
intersection of the inguinal ligament, caudal border of the IAO, and lateral border of the RA
32
When would we do a paramedian cut versus a ventral midline cut
if the linea alba is infected or if needing access to a particular organ
33
Attachment of: iliocostalis system
ilium to rib 1
34
Attachment of: longissimus system
ilium to skull
35
Attachment of: transversospinalis system
sacrum to skull
36
Attachment of: semispinalis capitis
thoracic vertebrae to the skull
37
Attachment of: splenius
spinous processes T1-3 and median raphe to the skull
38
Attachment of: longus colli
ventral vertebral bodies and transverse processes T6-C1
39
Attachment of: longus capitis
cervical transverse processes to skull
40
What are the extensors and lateral movers of the vertebral column
iliocostalis, longissimus, and transversospinalis
41
What are the extensors of the head and neck
semispinalis and splenius
42
T/F: splenius and semispinalis secondarily laterally flex the neck
True
43
Action of: longus colli
flex neck
44
Action of: longus capitis
flex atlanto-occipital joint draw neck ventrally