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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 66 - Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Lecture 66 - Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

chronic inflammation is defined as

A

more than 3-5 days

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2
Q

what 4 things can happen when acute inflammation fails

A
  1. progression to chronic inflammation
  2. fibrosis
  3. increased cellularity
  4. abscess formation
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3
Q

what 3 factors influence the outcome of failed acute inflammation

A
  1. severity of tissue damage
  2. the ability of cells to regenerate
  3. biologic characteristics that caused injury
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4
Q

chronic inflammation occurs because

A
  1. acute inflammation fails
  2. recurrent/extensive acute inflammation/injury
  3. unique biochemical characteristics of the stimulus
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5
Q

what are the 5 mechanisms to chronic inflammation

A
  1. persistence/resistance to phagocytosis
  2. immune cells cannot reach agent
  3. inability to kill via phagocytosis or enzymes
  4. genetic dysfunction of immune
  5. unknown
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6
Q

pathogenic example of:

persistence/resistance to phagocytosis

A

mycobacterium

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7
Q

pathogenic example of:

immune cells cannot reach agent

A

staphylococcus

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8
Q

pathogenic example of:

inability to kill via phagocytosis or enzymes

A

plant material

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9
Q

pathogenic example of:

genetic dysfunction of immune response

A

autoimmunity

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10
Q

pathogenic example of:

unknown chronic inflammation

A

canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis

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11
Q

what bacteria cause chronic inflammation

A

mycobacterium or Rhodococcus equi

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12
Q

what viruses cause chronic inflammation

A

equine herpesvirus and porcine circovirus

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13
Q

what fungi cause chronic inflammation

A

Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma

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14
Q

what protozoa/parasites cause chronic inflammation

A

habronema and leishmania

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15
Q

what are the processes of inflammation

A
  1. cellular infiltration
  2. fibroplasia
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16
Q

T/F: cellular infiltration and fibroplasia occur independently of one another

A

FALSE

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17
Q

what cells are part of the innate immune response

A
  1. monocyte/macrophage
  2. NK cell
  3. eosinophil
  4. mast cell
  5. dendritic cell
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18
Q

what non-immune cells play a role in inflammation

A
  1. endothelial
  2. epithelial
  3. fibroblasts
19
Q

what are the 2 types of tissue macrophages

A
  1. specific organ/tissue (kupffer, alveolar, etc.)
  2. inflammatory-stimulated
20
Q

describe the role of monocytes in inflammation

A
  • migrate from blood to interstitium
  • rapidly differentiate
  • produce inflammatory mediators
  • process antigens for presentation
  • facilitate angiogenesis
21
Q

what cytokine stimulates macrophages for inflammation

22
Q

what cytokine stimulates macrophages for repair

23
Q

describe multinucleated giant cells

A
  • fusion of activated macrophages
  • GRANULOMATOUS
24
Q

describe natural killer cells

A
  • kills cells recognized as foreign
  • cytokine secretion
  • activate macrophages and dendritic cells
25
describe dendritic cells
- key APC - present in many tissues
26
describe B lymphocytes
- differentiate to plasma cells (antibodies) - elimination of extracellular microbes
27
describe helper T lymphocytes
- recognizes MHC II - different types activate certain immune responses
28
describe T regulatory cells
- immunosuppression - prevent uncontrolled inflammation
29
describe cytotoxic T-cells
- recognizes MHC I - kills cells infected with intracellular pathogens
30
describe the 3 components of fibrosis
1. proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells 2. deposition of collagen 3. reduced collage degradation
31
pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation
neutrophils and macrophages +/- multinucleated giant cells
32
pattern of granulomatous inflammation
macrophages +/- multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells
33
pattern of eosinophilic inflammation
eosinophils +/- fibrosis and macrophages
34
pattern of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
lymphocytes and plasma cells
35
pattern of abscess inflammation
neutrophils and outer fibrotic wall
36
what are the two types of granulomatous inflammation
1. diffuse/lepromatous 2. nodular/tuberculoid granuloma
37
the development of granulomatous inflammation requires
1. inciting agent 2. host immune response 3. interplay of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory modulators
38
diffuse granulomatous inflammation
- poor demarcation - widespread distribution - heavy intracellular burden
39
what causes granulomatous inflammation
mycobacterium
40
nodular granulomatous inflammation
- well-demarcated - multifocal - central caseation
41
what causes pyogranulomatous inflammation
Rhodococcus equi and Blastomyces dermatitidis
42
T/F: myeloperoxidase will turn pus green
TRUE
43
what causes abscesses
staphylococcus and streptococcus

Form & Function 1 (66 decks)

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