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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 37 - Sympathetic > Flashcards

Lecture 37 - Sympathetic Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neuron is classified as unipolar

A

sensory neuron

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2
Q

what type of neuron is classified as multipolar

A

inter and motor neurons

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3
Q

the autonomic nervous system controls _____ functions while the somatic control ____ function

A

involuntary; voluntary

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4
Q

T/F: The autonomic system regulates the internal environment by maintaining homeostasis

A

TRUE

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5
Q

T/F: the autonomic system is typically one neuron

A

FALSE - two neurons

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6
Q

what has the most direct influence on autonomic functions

A

brainstem

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7
Q

what is considered the control center of the autonomic system

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

what are the 5 main components of a reflex arc

A
  1. receptor
  2. sensory neuron
  3. integration
  4. motor neuron
  5. effector
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9
Q

what are the two differences between visceral and somatic reflex arcs

A
  1. visceral has two consecutive neurons in the motor pathway
  2. afferent fibers are located in the ganglia
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10
Q

where do the nerves of the sympathetic division arise

A

T1 - L2/3

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11
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for short preganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

acetylcholine

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12
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for long postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

norepinepherine

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13
Q

what is the job of the sympathetic nervous system

A

prepare the body for physical activity/demand

  • fight or flight
  • E division
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14
Q

what is encompassed in the E division

A

exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment

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15
Q

what are the physical manifestations of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • increased heart rate
  • dilated bronchioles
  • glucose released from the liver
  • sweaty skin
  • dilated pupils
  • shunting blood
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16
Q

cholinergic fibers release

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

adrenergic fibers release

A

norepinephrine

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18
Q

where are cholinergic fibers found

A

all ANS preganglionic axons
all parasympathetic postganglionic axons

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19
Q

where are adrenergic fibers found

A

sympathetic postganglionic axons (no sweat glands)

20
Q

T/F: nicotinic receptors are always stimulatory

A

TRUE

21
Q

where are nicotinic receptors found

A

preganglionic + cholinergic

22
Q

what are the two classifications of postganglionic adrenergic receptors

A

alpha and beta

23
Q

what is the term that refers to postganglionic cholinergic receptors

A

muscarinic

24
Q

what are the 3 types of postganglionic receptors

A
  1. adrenergic
  2. muscarinic
  3. dopaminergic
25
Q

T/F: the left kidney is directly innervated by the preganglionic axon

A

FALSE - adrenal medulla

26
Q

what degrades norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

A

monoamine oxidase (COMT)

27
Q

T/F: there are 3 alpha and 2 beta classes of adrenergic receptors

A

FALSE - alpha has 2 and beta has 3

28
Q

Gi is ____

A

inhibitory

29
Q

Gs is ____

A

stimulatory

30
Q

Gq is ____

A

stimulatory

31
Q

adenylyl cyclase is involved with what G-coupled receptor subdivisions

A

Gs and Gi

32
Q

phospholipase C is involved with what G-coupled receptor subdivisions

A

Gq

33
Q

what is the location and effect of:

alpha 1/Gq receptors

A

location: sympathetic organs, blood vessels

effect: constriction of blood vessels and sphincters, dilates pupils

34
Q

what is the location and effect of:

alpha 2/Gi receptors

A

location: vascular smooth muscle

effect: negative feedback, inhibits NE release

35
Q

what is the location and effect of:

Beta 1

A

location: heart

effect: increase HR and force of contraction, stimulates kidneys

36
Q

what is the location and effect of:

Beta 2

A

location: lungs, blood vessels serving target organs

effect: dilates bronchioles and blood vessels, relaxes smooth muscles

37
Q

what is the location and effect of:

Beta 3

A

location: adipose

effect: lipolysis

38
Q

sympathomimetic

A

mimics the sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

sympatholytic

A

abates sympathetic
parasympathomimetic

40
Q

summarize the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the eye

A
  • relaxation of ciliary m.
  • contraction of iris m. (mydriasis)
  • decreased aqueous humor production
41
Q

summarize the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart

A
  • tachycardia
  • positive chronotropy
  • positive inotropy (contraction)
  • positive dromotropy (automaticity and conduction of AV node)
42
Q

T/F: the sympathetic system decreases digestive system functionality

A

TRUE

43
Q

summarize the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the UGT

A
  • promote renin release
  • cause vasoconstriction
  • decrease urine output
  • inhibits voiding
  • relaxes detrusor m. (urine retention)
  • contraction of sphincter
44
Q

what can be used to quantify sweat in horses

A

terbutaline (IDST)

45
Q

how are eccrine glands connected to the sympathetic system

A

cholinergic - thermoregulatory

46
Q

how are apocrine glands connected to the sympathetic system

A

adrenergic - emotional sweating

47
Q

summarize the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the reproductive systems

A
  • loss of erection
  • uterine contraction
  • ejaculation

Form & Function 1 (55 decks)

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