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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 41/42/43 - Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Lecture 41/42/43 - Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

where are the two enlargements of the spinal cord

A
  1. cervical (C6-T2)
  2. lumbar (L4-S3)
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2
Q

T/F: the dura mater around the brain is attached to the periosteum of the skull

A

TRUE

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3
Q

the spinal cord sits in what

A

cushion of epidural fat

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4
Q

T/F: as peripheral nerves leave the CNS there is no fusion of meninges with the epineurium

A

FALSE

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5
Q

what is the filum terminale

A

ependymal cells and meninges fused to the periosteum of the caudal vertebrae

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6
Q

where is the dorsal and ventral root of spinal nerves located

A

within the vertebral canal

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7
Q

where is the location of the spinal ganglion

A

intervertebral foramen

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8
Q

define:

nerve

A

collection of nerve processes (axons and dendrites)

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9
Q

define:

nerve root

A

collection of purely motor or sensory peripheral nerve processes before they form the nerve

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10
Q

define:

ganglion

A

collection of functionally similar nerve cell bodies

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11
Q

T/F: there is no synapse in the dorsal root or ganglion

A

TRUE

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12
Q

what job does the spinal ganglion and dorsal root have

A

sensory (afferent)

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13
Q

what is the job of neurons that reside in the ventral horn

A

motor (efferent)

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14
Q

what is the peripheral nerve proper

A

spinal nerve = sheath containing dorsal and ventral roots for mixed function

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15
Q

what fuses with the epineurium

A

dura mater and arachnoid

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16
Q

where do the nerve roots run

A

subarachnoid space and penetrate pia mater

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17
Q

cervical intumescence

A
  • C6-T2
  • nerves form brachial plexus
  • innervate TL, cutaneous trunci, sympathetic supply to head
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18
Q

lumbosacral intumescence

A
  • L4-S3
  • nerves form lumbosacral plexus
  • innervate PL, bladder, anus, tail
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19
Q

T/F: the vertebral column will continue to outgrow the spinal cord

A

TRUE

20
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

terminal portion of the spinal cord in the vertebral canal (L6/7-S3) where nerve roots pass through the epidural space to appropriate IVF and exit canal

21
Q

conus medullaris

A

S2-Cd5 = terminal portion of spinal cord

22
Q

Case Study:

4m/o French Bulldog presents with fecal and urinary incontinence. no problem with motor function.

physical exam showed a divet of the lumbar spinal region

Hast MRI illustrated CSF penetrating vertebrae and mm.

Give the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

A

diagnosis: spina bifida w/ meningocele

tx: surgical removal of scar tissue

prognosis: no progressive damage, improved function

23
Q

T/F: the number of paired spinal nerves is equal to the number of vertebrae in every spinal cord region

A

FALSE - in the cervical region it is # + 1

24
Q

where do C2-C7 exit the vertebral canal

A

at the IVF cranial to vertebra of the same number

25
Q

where do C8 nn. exit the vertebral canal

A

between C7 and T1

26
Q

where do T1-Cd5 nn. exit the vertebral canal

A

at the IVF caudal to the vertebra of the same number

27
Q

T/F: C1-T10 segments are located one vertebra ahead of the same number

A

TRUE

28
Q

T/F: T11-L3 segments are located in one vertebra behind the same number

A

FALSE - within

29
Q

where are L4-L7 segments located

A

L3/4

30
Q

where are S1-S3 segments located

A

L5

31
Q

where are Cd1-Cd5 segments located

A

L6

32
Q

if you were to place a needle into the vertebral canal at L7/SI in a dog would you be able to sample CSF?

A

no - too caudal

33
Q

what is the function of and origin of:

dorsal horn

A

sensory; alar plate

34
Q

what is the function of and origin of:

ventral horn

A

somatic motor; basal plate

35
Q

what is the function of and origin of:

lateral horn and intermediate zone

A

autonomic (sympathetic) motor; basal plate T1-L4

36
Q

what is the function of and origin of:

intermediate zone

A

autonomic (parasympathetic) motor; basal plate S1-3

37
Q

what does the lower motor neuron do

A

carry motor impulses from CNS to the peripheral target

38
Q

what are the 5 components of reflexes

A
  1. receptor
  2. afferent neuron
  3. interneurons
  4. efferent neuron (LMN)
  5. target
39
Q

what 4 components are involved in the stretch reflex

A
  1. straight patellar l.
  2. femoral nerve
  3. quadriceps m.
  4. L4-6 spinal cord segments
40
Q

what nerve innervates the cutaneous trunci m.

A

lateral thoracic

41
Q

what direction do nerves run to the cutaneous trunci? why may this be an issue?

A

caudally; mismatch of stimuli and response

42
Q

damage to the LMN results in

A

-paresis or -plegia

43
Q

T/F: damage to the reflex pathway will result in the reduction or loss of the reflex

A

TRUE

44
Q

what other side effects may result from the damage to a reflex pathway

A
  • reduction/loss of muscle tone
  • neurogenic atrophy
45
Q

what clinical score is considered normal for reflexes

A

+2

Form & Function 1 (66 decks)

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