Lecture 30 - Pelvic Limb 7

Question 1

define equine foot

Answer 1

epidermal hoof and all structures contained therein

Question 2

what part of the horse hoof normally bears weight

Answer 2

tips of toes

Question 3

what is the corium?

Answer 3

the dermal layer (sensitive) of the hoof that provides nutrition for the epidermis

Question 4

what are the 5 regional coria?

Answer 4

1. perioplic
2. coronary
3. laminar
4. sole
5. frog

Question 5

list the layers of the epidermal hoof wall

Answer 5

1. stratum externum
2. stratum medium
3. stratum interum

Question 5

what produces the layers of the hoof wall

Answer 5

germinal epithelium

Question 6

what layers of the hoof wall are non-pigmented

Answer 6

inner stratum medium
stratum interum

Question 7

describe the sensitive insensitive laminar bond

Answer 7

the insensitive epidermal laminae (stratum interum) interdigitates with the sensitive dermal laminae (laminar corium)

Question 8

where does the basement membrane fit into the laminar bonds

Answer 8

the basement membrane sits between the epidermal laminae and the dermal laminae

Question 9

what do farriers use to guide nail placement

Answer 9

white lone/zone to avoid penetrating sensitive laminae

Question 9

what are the white line? the white zone?

Answer 9

white line = non-pigmented inner stratum medium

white zone = non-pigmented inner stratum medium and stratum interum + pigmented horn

Question 10

what are side bones?

Answer 10

ossified collateral cartilage

Question 11

how fast does the hoof wall grow?

Answer 11

8mm/month

Question 12

how long does it take a hoof defect to grow out?

Answer 12

9-12 months

Question 13

describe the sole and frog portions of the foot

Answer 13

sole = formed by GE covering sole corium, no contact with ground

frog = softest epidermis, formed by GE covering frog corium, some weight bearing

Question 14

what structures break down in laminitis

Answer 14

the interdigital bond between dermal and epidermal laminae

Question 15

what is a rotator? why does it occur?

Answer 15

moderate loss of bond; pd pulls away from hoof wall at DIPJ due to DDFT

Question 16

what is a sinker? why does it occur?

Answer 16

extensive loss of bond; Pd separates from the hoof wall and “sinks”, can walk out of

Question 17

what are comparative ruminant and pig hoof differences?

Answer 17

no frog/bars, secondary laminae
bulb of the heel extends to the ground to form a digital pad

Question 18

what is the hoof capsule?

Answer 18

the hoof wall, sole, and frog

Question 19

what layer creates the external, waterproofing layer

Answer 19

stratum externum

Question 20

coronet

Answer 20

junction of hair and hoof wall

Question 21

T/F: the hoof has an extensive blood supply due to metabolic demands

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

T/F: horse hooves only have primary laminae

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

what fills the gap as epidermal laminae continues past the dermal laminae

Answer 23

pigmented horn produced by the germinal epithelium

Question 24

what reflects stressors on normal foot physiology

Answer 24

growth rings

Question 25

which species have wider perioplic and coronary grooves:

pig or horse

Answer 25

Pig