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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 59 - Endocrine 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 59 - Endocrine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe nervous system signaling

A

fast control via electrical signals

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2
Q

Describe endocrine system signaling

A

slower control via hormones in the blood

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3
Q

What physiological processes does the thalamus control

A
  1. hunger and thirst
  2. sleep-wake cycles
  3. emotional regulation
  4. autonomic nervous function (BP, HR, etc.)
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4
Q

what are the important structures of the anterior pituitary

A
  1. pars tuberalis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. pars distalis
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5
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

makes stimulating hormones in the anterior pituitary

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6
Q

what are the important structures of the posterior pituitary

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. pars nervosa
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7
Q

neurohypophysis

A

directly connects with the pars nervosa (posterior pituitary) via the infundibular stalk

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8
Q

the hypothalamus has a ______ connection to the anterior pituitary

A

vascular

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9
Q

the hypothalamus has a ____ connection to the posterior pituitary

A

neural

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10
Q

Using an H&E stain what cells are visible

A

acidophiles, basophils, and chromophobic cells

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11
Q

acidophils

A

site of growth hormone and prolactin synthesis

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12
Q

basophils

A

site of ACTH, TSH, LH, and FSH synthesis

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13
Q

chromophobes

A

resting state; no hormone synthesis

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14
Q

why does the pars nervosa appear washed out on stain

A

axons from the hypothalamus terminate in the posterior pituitary

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15
Q

T/F: hormonal signals are faster than nervous system transmission

A

FALSE

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16
Q

T/F: the hypothalamus connects to the posterior pituitary via a neural connection

A

TRUE

17
Q

what hormones are produced in the hypothalamus

A

releasing hormones

ex: CRH, TRH

18
Q

what hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary

A

stimulating hormones

ex: ACTH, TSH

19
Q

what hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

20
Q

what is the major function of oxytocin

A

smooth muscle contraction for parturition and lactation

21
Q

what are the major functions of vasopressin

A

water conservation (ANTI-diuretic)

22
Q

describe how vasopressin conserves water

A

osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus trigger release
has kidneys reabsorb water back into the blood

23
Q

How do central diabetes and nephrogenic diabetes differ in their vasopressin relationship

A

central diabetes is when insufficient vasopressin is made = dilute urine, polyuria

nephrogenic diabetes is when there is sufficient vasopressin but the kidneys do not respond = pyometra is a cause

24
Q

how does vasopressin regulate blood pressure

A
  1. vasoconstriction increases systemic vascular resistance
  2. released in response to hypovolemia and hypotension
25
Q

give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:

GnRH

A

LH, FSH

26
Q

give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:

PRH
Dopamine

A

Prolactin (increases)
Prolactin (decreases)

27
Q

give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:

CRH

A

ACTH

28
Q

give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:

TRH

A

TSH

29
Q

give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:

GHRH
Somatostatin

A

growth hormone (increases)
growth hormone (decreases)

30
Q

match the structure to its associated hormone

a. hypothalamus
b. anterior pituitary
c. target gland

  1. stimulating hormone
  2. hormone
  3. releasing hormone
A

A = 3
B = 1
C = 2

31
Q

The biological effect of a hormone is related to

A

its concentration in the blood

32
Q

blood concentration of a hormone is determined by

A

the rate of secretion

33
Q

negative feedback ____ whereas positive feedback ____

A

decreases; increases

34
Q

which hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland controls milk let-down in the lactating animal

A

oxytocin

35
Q

CRH and GnRH are both examples of _____ hormones produced by the hypothalamus

A

releasing

Form & Function 1 (66 decks)

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