Lecture 59 - Endocrine 1 Flashcards
Describe nervous system signaling
fast control via electrical signals
Describe endocrine system signaling
slower control via hormones in the blood
What physiological processes does the thalamus control
- hunger and thirst
- sleep-wake cycles
- emotional regulation
- autonomic nervous function (BP, HR, etc.)
what are the important structures of the anterior pituitary
- pars tuberalis
- pars intermedia
- pars distalis
Adenohypophysis
makes stimulating hormones in the anterior pituitary
what are the important structures of the posterior pituitary
- infundibulum
- pars nervosa
neurohypophysis
directly connects with the pars nervosa (posterior pituitary) via the infundibular stalk
the hypothalamus has a ______ connection to the anterior pituitary
vascular
the hypothalamus has a ____ connection to the posterior pituitary
neural
Using an H&E stain what cells are visible
acidophiles, basophils, and chromophobic cells
acidophils
site of growth hormone and prolactin synthesis
basophils
site of ACTH, TSH, LH, and FSH synthesis
chromophobes
resting state; no hormone synthesis
why does the pars nervosa appear washed out on stain
axons from the hypothalamus terminate in the posterior pituitary
T/F: hormonal signals are faster than nervous system transmission
FALSE
T/F: the hypothalamus connects to the posterior pituitary via a neural connection
TRUE
what hormones are produced in the hypothalamus
releasing hormones
ex: CRH, TRH
what hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary
stimulating hormones
ex: ACTH, TSH
what hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
vasopressin and oxytocin
what is the major function of oxytocin
smooth muscle contraction for parturition and lactation
what are the major functions of vasopressin
water conservation (ANTI-diuretic)
describe how vasopressin conserves water
osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus trigger release
has kidneys reabsorb water back into the blood
How do central diabetes and nephrogenic diabetes differ in their vasopressin relationship
central diabetes is when insufficient vasopressin is made = dilute urine, polyuria
nephrogenic diabetes is when there is sufficient vasopressin but the kidneys do not respond = pyometra is a cause
how does vasopressin regulate blood pressure
- vasoconstriction increases systemic vascular resistance
- released in response to hypovolemia and hypotension
give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:
GnRH
LH, FSH
give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:
PRH
Dopamine
Prolactin (increases)
Prolactin (decreases)
give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:
CRH
ACTH
give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:
TRH
TSH
give the hormone that is stimulated upon the release of:
GHRH
Somatostatin
growth hormone (increases)
growth hormone (decreases)
match the structure to its associated hormone
a. hypothalamus
b. anterior pituitary
c. target gland
- stimulating hormone
- hormone
- releasing hormone
A = 3
B = 1
C = 2
The biological effect of a hormone is related to
its concentration in the blood
blood concentration of a hormone is determined by
the rate of secretion
negative feedback ____ whereas positive feedback ____
decreases; increases
which hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland controls milk let-down in the lactating animal
oxytocin
CRH and GnRH are both examples of _____ hormones produced by the hypothalamus
releasing
