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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 17 - Equine Behavior > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - Equine Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is the social structure of horses called

A

harem

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2
Q

Describe the components of a horse’s social structure

A

one breeding stallion
3-5 mares
immature offspring

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3
Q

What is a bachelor band?

A

all male, non-breeding group

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4
Q

T/F: equine weaning is typically sudden although families will stay together

A

False - very gradual weaning (1-3 years), females leave to join new harm

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5
Q

Define: precocial

A

can see, hear, stand, and move upon birth

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6
Q

What percentage of a horse’s time is spent foraging?

A

50-80%

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7
Q

Contrary to their foraging time, only _____ of a horse’s time is spent resting

A

20-30%

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8
Q

Within the 1st hour after birth, foals should be able to

A

stand and nurse

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9
Q

within the 1st day following birth, foals should be able to

A

run, explore, groom, solitary play

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10
Q

At what age do foals begin exploring forages

A

2 weeks

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11
Q

how many times does a foal nurse in an hour

A

3-6 times

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12
Q

Where is the equine blind spot

A

directly in front and behind

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13
Q

In what ways do horses communicate

A

1 - visual
2 - tactile
3 - olfactory
4 - auditory

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14
Q

What is important about horses with gastric ulcers always having access to hay

A

not the hay, but the move and graze time budgeting

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15
Q

What is very different about stall kept vs. how horses normally are

A

isolated and feeding schedule

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16
Q

T/F: pasture kept horses will form harems where a gelding with act as the lead stallion

A

True

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17
Q

Gradual weaning _____ stress and _____ gastric ulcer incidence

A

decrease; decrease

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18
Q

what age do we wean foals

A

6 months

19
Q

What are the 3 Ms of behavior

A
  1. Motivation
  2. Management
  3. Modification
20
Q

What are the 3Fs of treating behavioral problems

A
  1. Friends
  2. Forage
  3. Freedom
21
Q

How do we treat behavior with friends?

A

access to social partners helps social bonds

22
Q

How do we treat behavior with forage?

A

allowing foraging, treks to water, and activities to be done as a group to mimic normal behavior

23
Q

How do we treat behavior with freedom?

A

ability to move

24
Q

T/F: much frustration and unwanted behaviors occur because a basic species need is not being met

A

True

25
Q

Who worked with classical conditioning

A

Pavlov

26
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

association of neutral stimuli with pleasant/unpleasant stimuli

change emotional response

27
Q

Habituation

A

non-associative learning

innate response is decreased after repeated or prolonged exposure

28
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

learning a certain behavior has a consequence (good or bad)

trial and error

29
Q

Flooding

A

sensitization to stimuli
take out before fully relaxed

30
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

expose in small incremental steps

31
Q

What is the law of effect

A

behavior with a pleasant consequence is repeated

32
Q

reinforcement

A

do more of that behavior

33
Q

punishment

A

do less of that behavior

34
Q

positive

A

add something

35
Q

negative

A

remove something

36
Q

what is escape/avoidance conditioning

A

learning certain behaviors can stop/avoid something bad

37
Q

The critical period of development

A

a finite amount of time while very young (imprinting)

38
Q

The sensitive period of development

A

socialization range

39
Q

When does the fear period begin in foals

A

~7 days old

40
Q

when should foals ideally be exposed to environmental stimuli

A

during 1st 7 days and into the juvenile period

41
Q

T/F: the majority of equine behavioral complaints is due to masking pain

A

True

42
Q

What are the indicators of pain used on the horse grimace scale

A

1 - stiffly backward ears
2 - orbital tightening
3 - tension above the eye
4 - strained chewing muscles
5 - strained nostrils

43
Q

what are body postures indicating pain in horses

A

1 - ears back
2 - wide eyes
3 - flared nostrils
4 - tense lips
5 - tail swish

44
Q

What other tools are available for determining pain vs. behavioral drivers

A

1 - palpation
2 - lameness exam
3 - imaging
4 - 24hr video
5 - endocrine eval

Form & Function 1 (26 decks)

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