Lecture 21 - MSK Neck & Back Flashcards
what are the functions of the backbone/spine?
- support the head
- house spinal cord
- provide attachments
What is the vertebral formula for dogs
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd20
Vertebral body
fossa in which subsequent vertebrae connect; weightbearing
Vertebral arch
the dorsal part of the vertebral canal
Spinous Process
doral most, muscle attachments
Transverse Process
lateral, muscle attachments
Cranial Articular Process
connects to the cranial vertebra
Caudal Articular Process
connects to the caudal vertebra
Vertebral foramen
central opening for the spinal cord
Intervertebral foramina
openings between each vertebra
what vertebra have transverse foramina
C1-C6
What is the unique anatomy of C1 (atlas)
dorsal and ventral arches (no body)
“Wings”
What is the unique anatomy of C2 (axis)
spine
dens
What is unique about the fovea on the thoracic vertebra
the costal and cranial fovea form joints with the ribs
Hemivertebra
improper formation
Block Vertebra
fusion of two or more vertebra
Spondylosis Deformans
acquired excessive bone growth
Atlanto-occipital
between the skull and C1; “yes” joint
Atlanto-axial
between C1 and C2; “no” joint
Intervertebral disc joint
between adjacent vertebra
Costal joints
between the thoracic vertebra and ribs
Sacroiliac joint
between the pelvis and sacrum
Articular process joints
between adjacent cranial and caudal articular processes
What anatomical landmarks do you look for when doing a CSF tap
- wings of atlas
- spinous process of axis
- external occipital protuberance
Transverse ligament of the atlas
spans vertebral foramen and keeps dens ventral
Atlanto-axial subluxation
joint misalignment; spinal cord compression
What is the IV disc structure
Outer annulus fibrosis - tightly bonded lamina
inner nucleus pulposus - gelatinous cushions
IVDD
degeneration of discs leading to herniation of the nucleus pulposus
Dorsal atlantoaxial ligament
C1 to C2
Nuchal ligament
caudal spinous process of C2 to spinous process of T1
Supraspinous ligament
spinous process of T1 to Cd3
prevents abnormal separation in flexion
epaxial
dorsal muscles
hypaxial
ventral muscles (below transverse processes)
Epaxial muscles
transversospinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis
Hypaxial muscles
longus colli
longus capitis
quadratus lumborum
psoas minor
psoas major
iliacus
