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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 2 - Cell Biology 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Cell Biology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structural hierarchy of the body

A

Atoms - molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism

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2
Q

A Magic Orange Cat Turned Over Only Oranges

A

Atoms - molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism

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3
Q

What do organelles allow the cell to do

A

grow, divide, and specialize

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4
Q

What organism is the “city hall” of the cell

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Properties of the nucleus

A

responsible for DNA storage and transcription

within nuclear envelope

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6
Q

What is the “powerhouse”/electrical grid of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Properties of the Mitochondria

A

ATP production

of mitochondria represent metabolic demand

self-replicating

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8
Q

What is the “primary production plant” of the cell

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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9
Q

Properties of Rough ER

A

contain ribosomes for protein synthesis

continuous w/ nuclear envelope

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10
Q

What is the “accessory power plant” of the cell

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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11
Q

Properties of the Smooth ER

A

Lipid and steroid synthesis

detoxification of the cell

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12
Q

What cell has abundant smooth ER

A

Liver

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13
Q

What is the “post office” of the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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14
Q

Properties of the Golgi Apparatus

A

packages proteins in vesicles

determines destination based on sugar “tag” - important for specialization

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15
Q

What is the “recycling center” of the cell

A

Lysosome

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16
Q

Properties of the lysosome

A

hydrolyzes substances that cross the cell membrane

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17
Q

What is important about the enzymes in lysosomes

A

the enzymes need a lower pH to be activated whereas the cell environment is more neutral - protective

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18
Q

What is the “thrift store” of the cell?

A

Peroxisome

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19
Q

Properties of the peroxisome

A

Degrades fatty acids and reactive oxygen species

20
Q

Functions of the cell membrane

A

1 - Exclusion
2 - Consumption
3 - Excretion
4 - Communication

21
Q

What are the primary components of the plasma membrane

A

1 - phospholipids
2 - cholesterol
3 - proteins
4 - carbohydrates

22
Q

Cholesterol

A

Interspersed in phospholipid belayer

Maintains fluidity of membranes in fluctuating temperatures

23
Q

What two categories are membranes divided into

A

Integral and peripheral

24
Q

Integral proteins

A

At least one hydrophobic region which anchors within membrane

Transmembrane passes all the way through

25
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Inside or outside

Facilitate communication and coordination

26
Q

Carbohydrates found on the cell membrane are called

A

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

27
Q

What are carbohydrates on the cell membrane important for

A

Intercellular communication and recognition

28
Q

What are the two categories of cellular transport

A

Passive (no energy needed) and active (energy required)

29
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Movement of molecules down their concentration across diets the cell membrane

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water molecules from low solvent concentration to high solvent concentration

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a membrane transport channel protein

32
Q

Primary active transport

A

Direct utilization of ATP to move particles against their concentration gradient

Sodium-potassium pump

33
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Using the energy of one particle down its gradient to power transport of a particle against its gradient

34
Q

Symporters

A

Both molecules move in same direction

35
Q

Antiporter

A

Move molecules in opposite directions

36
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton

A

1 - Supporting membrane and providing the cell its shape

2 - arranging organelles

3 - provides infrastructure for vesicular movement

4 - allows cell to move

37
Q

Microfilaments

A

Edge of cytoplasm

Cellular movement, structure, and tracks for transport

38
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Specialized to bear tension and maintain shape of cell

39
Q

Microtubules

A

Largest fiber

Resist compression forces, aid in vesicular transport, form spindle in mitosis

40
Q

Types of cell adhesion

A

1 - gap junctions
2- tight junctions
3 - desmosomes

41
Q

Gap junction

A

Transmembrane proteins aligned between two adjacent cells

Forms aqueous channel

Ex: heart muscle cells

42
Q

Tight junctions

A

Connection points between cells that create a waterproof barrier

Ex: bladder lining

43
Q

Desmosomes

A

Spot welds

Complexes of proteins that allow tissue to stretch w/o tearing

44
Q

Germ layers from innermost to outermost

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

45
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner gi and pulmonary

46
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscle + connective tissues

Form & Function 1 (66 decks)

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