Lecture 47 - Brain Anatomy 1

Question 1

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

gait was paresis/paralysis

Answer 1

LMN and UMN

Question 2

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

spinal reflexes were decreased/absent

Answer 2

LMN

Question 3

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

spinal reflexes were normal to increased

Answer 3

UMN

Question 4

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

muscle tone was decreased/absent

Answer 4

LMN

Question 5

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

muscle tone was normal to increased

Answer 5

UMN

Question 6

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

there was severe, early muscle atrophy

Answer 6

LMN

Question 7

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

there was late, mild muscle atrophy

Answer 7

UMN

Question 8

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

C1-C5

Answer 8

Thoracic and pelvic limbs

UMN

Question 9

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

C6-T2

Answer 9

Thoracic limbs - LMN
Pelvic Limb - UMN

Question 10

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

T3-L3

Answer 10

Pelvic Limb - UMN

Question 11

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

L4-S1

Answer 11

Pelvic Limb - LMN

Question 12

where do voluntary movement pathway originate

Answer 12

the brain

Question 13

if limb deficits are present from voluntary movement pathways would they be UMN or LMN in character

Answer 13

UMN

Question 14

T/F: cranial nerves with motor function can develop LMN deficits

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

postural reaction tests the ____ tracts

Answer 15

long/descending motor

Question 16

T/F: postural reaction testing is specific to site in the nervous system

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

the prosencephalon develops into the

Answer 17

telencephalon
diencephalon

Question 18

the mesencephalon develops into the

Answer 18

mature mesencephalon

Question 19

the rhombencephalon develops into the

Answer 19

metencephalon
myelencephalon

Question 20

Telencephalon

Answer 20

cerebrum

Question 21

diencephalon

Answer 21

thalamus and ass. structures

Question 22

metencephalon

Answer 22

cerebellum
pons

Question 23

myelencephalon

Answer 23

medulla oblongata, caudal region of the brain

Question 24

the brainstem includes what

Answer 24

the diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon

Question 25

what is the blood supply for a dog brain

Answer 25

arterial circle (basilar + internal carotid)

Question 26

what is the blood supply for a cat brain

Answer 26

maxillary artery

Question 27

what is the difference between cat and dog blood supply to the brain

Answer 27

cats do not have an internal carotid, and the basilar flow is caudal

Question 28

what structures have blood supplied by the internal carotid

Answer 28

cerebral hemispheres

Question 29

what structures have blood supplied by the basilar

Answer 29

dog - caudal cerebrum and rest of brain cat - medulla oblongata

Question 30

what structures have blood supplied by the maxillary

Answer 30

all of brain minus medulla oblongata

Question 31

what is the role of the gyrus and sulci

Answer 31

increase brain surface area in limited cranial vault

Question 32

summarize the characteristics of grey matter

Answer 32

- contains cell bodies - surface = cortex - deep = deep nuclei

Question 33

summarize the characteristics of white matter

Answer 33

- nerve cell processes - myelinated

Question 34

give what the tract connects: corpus callosum

Answer 34

right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 35

give what the tract connects: internal capsule

Answer 35

cerebrum to brainstem

Question 36

give what the tract connects: corona radiata

Answer 36

cerebral cortex to the internal capsule

Question 37

T/F: the internal capsule contains both afferent and efferent fibers

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

longitudinal fissure

Answer 38

divides into right and left halves

Question 39

transverse fissure

Answer 39

between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 40

cruciate sulcus

Answer 40

division of frontal and parietal lobes

Question 41

name the 5 lobes of the brain

Answer 41

1. frontal 2. parietal 3. occipital 4. temporal 5. piriform

Question 42

what is the primary sensory cortex? where is it located?

Answer 42

detects sensory stimuli (vision, hearing, smell, touch); in the frontal lobe

Question 43

T/F: the motor cortex is crucial for the execution of movement in cats and dogs

Answer 43

FALSE

Question 44

is the motor cortex: UMN or LMN?

Answer 44

UMN

Question 45

what does the motor cortex control in cats and dogs

Answer 45

skilled movement

Question 46

which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex? what is the job of this?

Answer 46

parietal perception and processing of touch, pain, temp., etc.

Question 47

the ascending tracts for postural reactions terminate in the _______

Answer 47

parietal lobe

Question 48

what lobe is the visual cortex found in?

Answer 48

occipital

Question 49

what lobe is the auditory cortex found in? Are there any other roles associated with this lob?

Answer 49

temporal role in memory, behavior, and learning

Question 50

where is the olfactory cortex?

Answer 50

piriform lobe

Question 51

the hippocampus is located in the _____ and has a role in _____

Answer 51

rhinencephalon behavior, memory, learning

Question 52

what does the mnemonic "Fresh Pasta On The Plate" refer to

Answer 52

Fresh - Front - fitness (motor) and feelings (behavior) Pasta - parietal - pain On - occipital - ocular The - temporal - tunes and teaching Plate - piriform - pu (smell)

Question 53

what are signs of dysfunction in the telencephalon

Answer 53

- alterations of sensory perception - altered mentation - postural reaction deficits - the tendency to circle - seizures

Question 54

T/F: circling is ipsilateral

Answer 54

TRUE