Lecture 47 - Brain Anatomy 1 Flashcards
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
gait was paresis/paralysis
LMN and UMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
spinal reflexes were decreased/absent
LMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
spinal reflexes were normal to increased
UMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
muscle tone was decreased/absent
LMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
muscle tone was normal to increased
UMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
there was severe, early muscle atrophy
LMN
what motor neuron would be in deficit if:
there was late, mild muscle atrophy
UMN
what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:
C1-C5
Thoracic and pelvic limbs
UMN
what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:
C6-T2
Thoracic limbs - LMN
Pelvic Limb - UMN
what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:
T3-L3
Pelvic Limb - UMN
what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:
L4-S1
Pelvic Limb - LMN
where do voluntary movement pathway originate
the brain
if limb deficits are present from voluntary movement pathways would they be UMN or LMN in character
UMN
T/F: cranial nerves with motor function can develop LMN deficits
TRUE
postural reaction tests the ____ tracts
long/descending motor
T/F: postural reaction testing is specific to site in the nervous system
FALSE
the prosencephalon develops into the
telencephalon
diencephalon
the mesencephalon develops into the
mature mesencephalon
the rhombencephalon develops into the
metencephalon
myelencephalon
Telencephalon
cerebrum
diencephalon
thalamus and ass. structures
metencephalon
cerebellum
pons
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata, caudal region of the brain
the brainstem includes what
the diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon
what is the blood supply for a dog brain
arterial circle (basilar + internal carotid)
what is the blood supply for a cat brain
maxillary artery
what is the difference between cat and dog blood supply to the brain
cats do not have an internal carotid, and the basilar flow is caudal
what structures have blood supplied by the internal carotid
cerebral hemispheres
what structures have blood supplied by the basilar
dog - caudal cerebrum and rest of brain
cat - medulla oblongata
what structures have blood supplied by the maxillary
all of brain minus medulla oblongata
what is the role of the gyrus and sulci
increase brain surface area in limited cranial vault
summarize the characteristics of grey matter
- contains cell bodies
- surface = cortex
- deep = deep nuclei
summarize the characteristics of white matter
- nerve cell processes
- myelinated
give what the tract connects:
corpus callosum
right and left cerebral hemispheres
give what the tract connects:
internal capsule
cerebrum to brainstem
give what the tract connects:
corona radiata
cerebral cortex to the internal capsule
T/F: the internal capsule contains both afferent and efferent fibers
TRUE
longitudinal fissure
divides into right and left halves
transverse fissure
between cerebrum and cerebellum
cruciate sulcus
division of frontal and parietal lobes
name the 5 lobes of the brain
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal
- piriform
what is the primary sensory cortex? where is it located?
detects sensory stimuli (vision, hearing, smell, touch); in the frontal lobe
T/F: the motor cortex is crucial for the execution of movement in cats and dogs
FALSE
is the motor cortex:
UMN or LMN?
UMN
what does the motor cortex control in cats and dogs
skilled movement
which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex? what is the job of this?
parietal
perception and processing of touch, pain, temp., etc.
the ascending tracts for postural reactions terminate in the _______
parietal lobe
what lobe is the visual cortex found in?
occipital
what lobe is the auditory cortex found in? Are there any other roles associated with this lob?
temporal
role in memory, behavior, and learning
where is the olfactory cortex?
piriform lobe
the hippocampus is located in the _____ and has a role in _____
rhinencephalon
behavior, memory, learning
what does the mnemonic “Fresh Pasta On The Plate” refer to
Fresh - Front - fitness (motor) and feelings (behavior)
Pasta - parietal - pain
On - occipital - ocular
The - temporal - tunes and teaching
Plate - piriform - pu (smell)
what are signs of dysfunction in the telencephalon
- alterations of sensory perception
- altered mentation
- postural reaction deficits
- the tendency to circle
- seizures
T/F: circling is ipsilateral
TRUE
