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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 47 - Brain Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 47 - Brain Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

gait was paresis/paralysis

A

LMN and UMN

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2
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

spinal reflexes were decreased/absent

A

LMN

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3
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

spinal reflexes were normal to increased

A

UMN

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4
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

muscle tone was decreased/absent

A

LMN

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5
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

muscle tone was normal to increased

A

UMN

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6
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

there was severe, early muscle atrophy

A

LMN

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7
Q

what motor neuron would be in deficit if:

there was late, mild muscle atrophy

A

UMN

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8
Q

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

C1-C5

A

Thoracic and pelvic limbs

UMN

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9
Q

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

C6-T2

A

Thoracic limbs - LMN
Pelvic Limb - UMN

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10
Q

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

T3-L3

A

Pelvic Limb - UMN

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11
Q

what limbs and what motor neurons show deficit in a lesion at:

L4-S1

A

Pelvic Limb - LMN

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12
Q

where do voluntary movement pathway originate

A

the brain

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13
Q

if limb deficits are present from voluntary movement pathways would they be UMN or LMN in character

A

UMN

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14
Q

T/F: cranial nerves with motor function can develop LMN deficits

A

TRUE

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15
Q

postural reaction tests the ____ tracts

A

long/descending motor

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16
Q

T/F: postural reaction testing is specific to site in the nervous system

A

FALSE

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17
Q

the prosencephalon develops into the

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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18
Q

the mesencephalon develops into the

A

mature mesencephalon

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19
Q

the rhombencephalon develops into the

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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20
Q

Telencephalon

A

cerebrum

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21
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and ass. structures

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22
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum
pons

23
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata, caudal region of the brain

24
Q

the brainstem includes what

A

the diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon

25
Q

what is the blood supply for a dog brain

A

arterial circle (basilar + internal carotid)

26
Q

what is the blood supply for a cat brain

A

maxillary artery

27
Q

what is the difference between cat and dog blood supply to the brain

A

cats do not have an internal carotid, and the basilar flow is caudal

28
Q

what structures have blood supplied by the internal carotid

A

cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

what structures have blood supplied by the basilar

A

dog - caudal cerebrum and rest of brain
cat - medulla oblongata

30
Q

what structures have blood supplied by the maxillary

A

all of brain minus medulla oblongata

31
Q

what is the role of the gyrus and sulci

A

increase brain surface area in limited cranial vault

32
Q

summarize the characteristics of grey matter

A
  • contains cell bodies
  • surface = cortex
  • deep = deep nuclei
33
Q

summarize the characteristics of white matter

A
  • nerve cell processes
  • myelinated
34
Q

give what the tract connects:

corpus callosum

A

right and left cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

give what the tract connects:

internal capsule

A

cerebrum to brainstem

36
Q

give what the tract connects:

corona radiata

A

cerebral cortex to the internal capsule

37
Q

T/F: the internal capsule contains both afferent and efferent fibers

A

TRUE

38
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides into right and left halves

39
Q

transverse fissure

A

between cerebrum and cerebellum

40
Q

cruciate sulcus

A

division of frontal and parietal lobes

41
Q

name the 5 lobes of the brain

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. temporal
  5. piriform
42
Q

what is the primary sensory cortex? where is it located?

A

detects sensory stimuli (vision, hearing, smell, touch); in the frontal lobe

43
Q

T/F: the motor cortex is crucial for the execution of movement in cats and dogs

A

FALSE

44
Q

is the motor cortex:

UMN or LMN?

A

UMN

45
Q

what does the motor cortex control in cats and dogs

A

skilled movement

46
Q

which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex? what is the job of this?

A

parietal

perception and processing of touch, pain, temp., etc.

47
Q

the ascending tracts for postural reactions terminate in the _______

A

parietal lobe

48
Q

what lobe is the visual cortex found in?

A

occipital

49
Q

what lobe is the auditory cortex found in? Are there any other roles associated with this lob?

A

temporal

role in memory, behavior, and learning

50
Q

where is the olfactory cortex?

A

piriform lobe

51
Q

the hippocampus is located in the _____ and has a role in _____

A

rhinencephalon

behavior, memory, learning

52
Q

what does the mnemonic “Fresh Pasta On The Plate” refer to

A

Fresh - Front - fitness (motor) and feelings (behavior)

Pasta - parietal - pain

On - occipital - ocular

The - temporal - tunes and teaching

Plate - piriform - pu (smell)

53
Q

what are signs of dysfunction in the telencephalon

A
  • alterations of sensory perception
  • altered mentation
  • postural reaction deficits
  • the tendency to circle
  • seizures
54
Q

T/F: circling is ipsilateral

A

TRUE

Form & Function 1 (55 decks)

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