Lecture 27 - Pelvic Limb 4 Flashcards
Name the bones of the pelvic limb (proximal to distal)
pelvic girdle
femur
tibia + fibula
tarsal bones
metatarsal bones
phalanges
Name the joints of the pelvic limb and the bones belonging to each (proximal to distal)
coxofemoral - pelvic girdle + femur
stifle - patella, femur, + tibia
tarsocrural - tibia/fibula + talus/calcaneus
metatarsophalangeal
proximal interphalangeal
distal interphalangeal
where is the fetlock joint
metatarsophalangeal
where is the gaskin
crus
where is the cannon bone
metatarsus
where is the coffin bone
distal phalangeal
Who has a croup? who has a rump?
croup = horses
rump = ruminants, pigs
What creates the contour difference in a rumor versus a croup?
BF, ST, and SM have ischiatic and vertebral origins giving rounded appearance (horse and pig)
whereas ruminant muscles originate entirely from ischium and give an angular appearance
where would a ruminant hoist be applied to lift a downer cow?
hook and pin bones
how can you recognize a horse femur from an ox femur?
the horse has a pronounced 3rd trochanter
the greater trochanter has cranial and caudal parts
what is the caudal attachment of the accessory gluteal m.
cranial part of the greater trochanter
where is the trochanteric bursa found?
deep to the attachment of the accessory gluteal
what is the difference in proximal attachments of the ST and SM between species
BF, ST, and SM have ischiatic and vertebral origins giving rounded appearance (horse and pig)
whereas ruminant muscles originate entirely from ischium and give an angular appearance
what gait is seen with fibrotic myopathy
shortened stride in the cranial phase
how does the patellar lock mechanism work
as the stifle extends, the patella “locks” over the resting surface
what is the upward fixation of the patella? what does it look like?
refers to when the patella is in an intermittent or persistent “locked” position
fully extended stifle and tarsus
name the stifle joints and sacs
femoropatellar
medial femorotibial
lateral femorotibial
describe the locations for the equine stifle joint injections
between patellar l., LCL + LPL, MCL + MPL
what are the external features of the horse pelvic limb
chestnut and ergot
what are the external features of the ruminant pelvic limb
dewclaws
what are the external features of the pig pelvic limb
paradigits (dewclaws)
what are the external features of the sheep pelvic limb
interdigital sinus
trochanteric bursitis
whorlbone lameness
what are the sites for intramuscular injections
gluteal muscles, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
fibrotic myopathy results from trauma to the
semitendinosus
what is the treatment of fibrotic myopathy
medical - NSAIDs, steroids
surgical - transection of scar tissue
what are the patellar ligaments
medial, middle, and lateral patellar l.
what is caudal to the patellar ligaments
infrapatellar fat body
what are the stifle ligaments located medially or laterally
lateral femoropatellar and collateral
medial femoropatellar and collateral
what do the lateral and medial femoropatellar ligaments help
maintain patella in the trochlear groove
why is the lateral menisci more secure
the meniscofemoral l. supports it
what are the 4 structures involved in the patellar locking mechanism
- patella
- parapatellar fibrocartilage
- medial patellar l.
- intermediate/middle patellar l.
what is the resting surface
medial trochlear ridge
T/F: the passive stay apparatus is the patellar locking mechanism and the reciprocal apparatus
TRUE
How do the synovial stifle sacs communicate
freely - cat, dog, ruminants, pigs
variable - horses
which two stifle synovial sacs communicate the most in the horse
medial femorotibial to femoropatellar
gonitis
inflammation of stifle
