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Form & Function 1 > Lecture 27 - Pelvic Limb 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 27 - Pelvic Limb 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the pelvic limb (proximal to distal)

A

pelvic girdle
femur
tibia + fibula
tarsal bones
metatarsal bones
phalanges

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2
Q

Name the joints of the pelvic limb and the bones belonging to each (proximal to distal)

A

coxofemoral - pelvic girdle + femur
stifle - patella, femur, + tibia
tarsocrural - tibia/fibula + talus/calcaneus
metatarsophalangeal
proximal interphalangeal
distal interphalangeal

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3
Q

where is the fetlock joint

A

metatarsophalangeal

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4
Q

where is the gaskin

A

crus

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5
Q

where is the cannon bone

A

metatarsus

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6
Q

where is the coffin bone

A

distal phalangeal

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7
Q

Who has a croup? who has a rump?

A

croup = horses
rump = ruminants, pigs

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8
Q

What creates the contour difference in a rumor versus a croup?

A

BF, ST, and SM have ischiatic and vertebral origins giving rounded appearance (horse and pig)

whereas ruminant muscles originate entirely from ischium and give an angular appearance

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9
Q

where would a ruminant hoist be applied to lift a downer cow?

A

hook and pin bones

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10
Q

how can you recognize a horse femur from an ox femur?

A

the horse has a pronounced 3rd trochanter
the greater trochanter has cranial and caudal parts

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11
Q

what is the caudal attachment of the accessory gluteal m.

A

cranial part of the greater trochanter

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12
Q

where is the trochanteric bursa found?

A

deep to the attachment of the accessory gluteal

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13
Q

what is the difference in proximal attachments of the ST and SM between species

A

BF, ST, and SM have ischiatic and vertebral origins giving rounded appearance (horse and pig)

whereas ruminant muscles originate entirely from ischium and give an angular appearance

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14
Q

what gait is seen with fibrotic myopathy

A

shortened stride in the cranial phase

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15
Q

how does the patellar lock mechanism work

A

as the stifle extends, the patella “locks” over the resting surface

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16
Q

what is the upward fixation of the patella? what does it look like?

A

refers to when the patella is in an intermittent or persistent “locked” position

fully extended stifle and tarsus

17
Q

name the stifle joints and sacs

A

femoropatellar
medial femorotibial
lateral femorotibial

18
Q

describe the locations for the equine stifle joint injections

A

between patellar l., LCL + LPL, MCL + MPL

18
Q

what are the external features of the horse pelvic limb

A

chestnut and ergot

19
Q

what are the external features of the ruminant pelvic limb

A

dewclaws

20
Q

what are the external features of the pig pelvic limb

A

paradigits (dewclaws)

21
Q

what are the external features of the sheep pelvic limb

A

interdigital sinus

22
Q

trochanteric bursitis

A

whorlbone lameness

23
Q

what are the sites for intramuscular injections

A

gluteal muscles, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

24
Q

fibrotic myopathy results from trauma to the

A

semitendinosus

25
Q

what is the treatment of fibrotic myopathy

A

medical - NSAIDs, steroids
surgical - transection of scar tissue

26
Q

what are the patellar ligaments

A

medial, middle, and lateral patellar l.

27
Q

what is caudal to the patellar ligaments

A

infrapatellar fat body

28
Q

what are the stifle ligaments located medially or laterally

A

lateral femoropatellar and collateral
medial femoropatellar and collateral

29
Q

what do the lateral and medial femoropatellar ligaments help

A

maintain patella in the trochlear groove

30
Q

why is the lateral menisci more secure

A

the meniscofemoral l. supports it

31
Q

what are the 4 structures involved in the patellar locking mechanism

A
  1. patella
  2. parapatellar fibrocartilage
  3. medial patellar l.
  4. intermediate/middle patellar l.
32
Q

what is the resting surface

A

medial trochlear ridge

33
Q

T/F: the passive stay apparatus is the patellar locking mechanism and the reciprocal apparatus

A

TRUE

34
Q

How do the synovial stifle sacs communicate

A

freely - cat, dog, ruminants, pigs
variable - horses

35
Q

which two stifle synovial sacs communicate the most in the horse

A

medial femorotibial to femoropatellar

36
Q

gonitis

A

inflammation of stifle

Form & Function 1 (66 decks)

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