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Physiology > Exam 5: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis > Flashcards

Exam 5: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process of the formation of sperm

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2
Q

What is the site of formation of sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubule of the testicle

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3
Q

What is spermatogenesis regulated by?

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

Puberty

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5
Q

Look at the process of sperm cell development

A

Look at the process of sperm cell development

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6
Q

What does the pampiniform plexus do?

A

Cools blood that comes into the testis

Helps recirculate testosterone in the testis

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7
Q

Describe hormone regulation

A

Testosterone secreted by Leydig cells has a negative feedback
LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone
FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to produce inhibin and convert testosterone to estrogen

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8
Q

How is LH released for in spermatogenesis?

A

Pulsatile fashion

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9
Q

What does the pulsatile fashion of LH release do?

A

Prevents refractoriness to sustained LH

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10
Q

What is the spermatogenesis secretion of testosterone like?

A

Short and pulsatile

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11
Q

What is essential for spermatogenesis?

A

Elevated testosterone in testis

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12
Q

What are the 3 biological events involved in spermatogenesis?

A

Mitosis
Meiosis
Spermiogenesis

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13
Q

What is mitosis in spermatogenesis?

A

Proliferation phases which allows for continual supply of germ cells

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14
Q

What does meiosis allow for in spermatogenesis?

A

Allow for diploid to haploid
Allows for crossing over
Assures genetic diversity

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15
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A

Dramatic morphological changes from spermatids to spermatozoa

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16
Q

What happens to spermatagonoia during spermatogenesis?

A

Migrate along Sertoli cells toward lumen of the tubule

Undergo maturation and become primary spermatocytes

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17
Q

What is occurring during the process of spermatogonia becoming primary spermatocytes? What is special about this process?

A

Mitosis is occurring here

This is a heat sensitive process

18
Q

What happens to primary spermatocytes after they undergo meiosis I?

A

Forms 2 secondary spermatocytes with haploid

19
Q

What happens to secondary spermatocytes after they undergo meiosis II?

A

They become spermatids

20
Q

What is the cycle of seminiferous tubule?

A

Arbitrarily defined cellular associations that transition one to the next at predictable levels

21
Q

How many stage does a bull have in the cycle of the seminiferous tubule?

A

8

22
Q

How many cycles does complete spermatogenesis take?

A

4.5

23
Q

What temperature must spermatogenesis occur at?

A

3-7 degrees Celsius cooler than the body temperature

24
Q

What things are involved in the regulation of temperature?

A

Scrotal sweating
Tunica dartos muscle
Cremastor muscle
Pampiniform plexus

25
Q

What creates the blood testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells are joined by tight junctions which effectively create a barrier from the immune system

26
Q

What does the blood testis barrier serve to do?

A

Allow metabolism of developing sperm to occur in a controlled environment

27
Q

Why are developing sperm not allowed to access the interstitial space?

A

The immune system will recognize them as foreign

28
Q

What chromosome do females contribute? Males?

A

Only X

X or Y

29
Q

What is the sex of the offspring determined by?

A

Whether an X or Y bearing sperm fertilizes the oocyte

30
Q

What is sperm composed of?

A

Head
Midpiece
Tail

31
Q

Describe the head of sperm

A

Contains the DNA

Acrosome cap contains enzymes which aid in fertilization

32
Q

Describe the midpiece of sperm

A

Contains mitochondria which provide power for the tail action

33
Q

Describe the tail of sperm

A

Flagellum like action provides movement

1-4 mm/minute in fluid environment

34
Q

What is semen?

A

Sperm and associate fluid which are ejaculated

35
Q

What contribute to the fluid volume of semen?

A

Accessory sex glands

36
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

Ampulla
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral glands

37
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Development of the oocyte

38
Q

What happens to oogonia during prenatal growth?

A

They undergo meiosis

39
Q

Describe what happens to oogonia at birth

A

They enter meiosis near the time of birth but remain resting in prophase until puberty when meiosis resumes in a few cells each cycle

40
Q

What is produced following oogenesis?

A

1 ovum and 3 polar bodies

41
Q

What are the differences between male and female germ production?

A

Males constantly replenish germ cells through ongoing mitosis
Females are born with all they will ever have and slowly deplete their supply
Great increase in number of sperm by mitosis in the male
Oogenesis involves only a limited number of oogonia each cycle

Physiology (70 decks)

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