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Physiology > Exam 3 – Dr. Mackin Physiology of Pharynx/Esophagus > Flashcards

Exam 3 – Dr. Mackin Physiology of Pharynx/Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is swallowing?

A

Process by which food and water are transported from the mouth to the stomach

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2
Q

What are the anatomic phases of swallowing?

A

Oral phase
Esophageal phase
Gastroesophageal phase

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3
Q

What is the oral phase?

A

When food comes from the bowl and goes to the esophagus

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4
Q

What are the stages of the oral phase?

A

Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Cricopharyngeal stage

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5
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

Something you are aware of

Composed of the tongue, lips, and jaw

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6
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Where the trachea and esophagus meet

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7
Q

What is the cricopharyngeal sphincter?

A

The gate keeper at the top of the esophagus

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8
Q

What are the stages of the esophageal phase?

A

Primary peristalsis

Secondary peristalsis

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9
Q

What is primary peristalsis triggered by?

A

Swallowing from the pharynx

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10
Q

What is secondary peristalsis triggered by?

A

Sensing materials in the esophagus

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11
Q

What is a part of the gastroesophageal phase?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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12
Q

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

A

Creates a seal that stops gastric contents from going back into the the esophagus and lets things go into the stomach

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13
Q

What makes up the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

What are the nasopharynx and oropharynx divided by?

A

Soft palate

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15
Q

What are the functional phases of swallowing?

A

Preparatory phase
Transfer phase
Transport phase

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16
Q

What is a part of the preparatory phase?

A

Oral cavity

17
Q

What is part of the transfer phase?

A

Oral cavity and pharynx

18
Q

How quickly does something move through the transfer phase with the oral cavity and pharynx?

A

40 cm/sec

19
Q

What is part of the transport phase?

A

Esophagus

20
Q

How quickly does something move through the transport phase with the esophagus?

A

3-4 cm/sec

21
Q

Which of the functional phases swallowing is voluntary?

A

Preparatory phase

22
Q

What are the transfer and transport phases looked after by?

A

Nervous system

23
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve (5)

24
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve (7)

25
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

26
Q

What nerves innervate the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11

27
Q

What nerve is the key player in voluntary swallowing?

A

Vagus nerve (10)

28
Q

What nerve innervates the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus (10)

29
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply?

A 
Pharynx
Larynx
Cricopharyngeal sphincter
Esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter
30
Q

What are all the nerves that are involved in swallowing?

A 
Trigeminal (5)
Facial (7)
Glossopharyngeal (9)
Vagus (10)
Accessory (11)
Hypoglossal (12)
31
Q

Describe the upper esophageal sphincter of the esophagus

A 
Cricopharyngeal muscle
Striated muscle
Skeletal muscle
Wraps around larynx
Supplied by vagus nerve
32
Q

Describe the lower esophageal nerve

A

Not a true sphincter in dogs and cats

Considered a physiological sphincter

33
Q

What is the esophagus like in a canine?

A

Striated and skeletal muscle along the entire length

34
Q

Because the dog’s esophagus is skeletal, what kind of problem does that allow for?

A

Neuromuscular diseases can occur

35
Q

What is the esophagus like in a feline?

A

Proximal 2/3 striated muscle

Distal 1/3 smooth muscle

36
Q

Because the cat’s esophagus includes a smooth muscle portion that has autonomic system control, what kind of problem does that allow for?

A

Diseases that affect the autonomic system will effect the esophagus

37
Q

What are the most important muscles of the esophagus?

A

Circular muscle

Longitudinal Muscle

38
Q

Which is more tough, circular muscle or longitudinal muscle?

A

Circular muscle

Physiology (70 decks)

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