Exam 3 – Dr. Mackin Physiology of Pharynx/Esophagus

Question 1

What is swallowing?

Answer 1

Process by which food and water are transported from the mouth to the stomach

Question 2

What are the anatomic phases of swallowing?

Answer 2

Oral phase
Esophageal phase
Gastroesophageal phase

Question 3

What is the oral phase?

Answer 3

When food comes from the bowl and goes to the esophagus

Question 4

What are the stages of the oral phase?

Answer 4

Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Cricopharyngeal stage

Question 5

What is the oral stage?

Answer 5

Something you are aware of

Composed of the tongue, lips, and jaw

Question 6

What is the pharynx?

Answer 6

Where the trachea and esophagus meet

Question 7

What is the cricopharyngeal sphincter?

Answer 7

The gate keeper at the top of the esophagus

Question 8

What are the stages of the esophageal phase?

Answer 8

Primary peristalsis

Secondary peristalsis

Question 9

What is primary peristalsis triggered by?

Answer 9

Swallowing from the pharynx

Question 10

What is secondary peristalsis triggered by?

Answer 10

Sensing materials in the esophagus

Question 11

What is a part of the gastroesophageal phase?

Answer 11

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 12

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 12

Creates a seal that stops gastric contents from going back into the the esophagus and lets things go into the stomach

Question 13

What makes up the pharynx?

Answer 13

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 14

What are the nasopharynx and oropharynx divided by?

Answer 14

Soft palate

Question 15

What are the functional phases of swallowing?

Answer 15

Preparatory phase
Transfer phase
Transport phase

Question 16

What is a part of the preparatory phase?

Answer 16

Oral cavity

Question 17

What is part of the transfer phase?

Answer 17

Oral cavity and pharynx

Question 18

How quickly does something move through the transfer phase with the oral cavity and pharynx?

Answer 18

40 cm/sec

Question 19

What is part of the transport phase?

Answer 19

Esophagus

Question 20

How quickly does something move through the transport phase with the esophagus?

Answer 20

3-4 cm/sec

Question 21

Which of the functional phases swallowing is voluntary?

Answer 21

Preparatory phase

Question 22

What are the transfer and transport phases looked after by?

Answer 22

Nervous system

Question 23

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 23

Trigeminal nerve (5)

Question 24

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 24

Facial nerve (7)

Question 25

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 25

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

Question 26

What nerves innervate the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 26

Cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11

Question 27

What nerve is the key player in voluntary swallowing?

Answer 27

Vagus nerve (10)

Question 28

What nerve innervates the larynx?

Answer 28

Recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus (10)

Question 29

What does the vagus nerve supply?

Answer 29

``` Pharynx Larynx Cricopharyngeal sphincter Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter ```

Question 30

What are all the nerves that are involved in swallowing?

Answer 30

``` Trigeminal (5) Facial (7) Glossopharyngeal (9) Vagus (10) Accessory (11) Hypoglossal (12) ```

Question 31

Describe the upper esophageal sphincter of the esophagus

Answer 31

``` Cricopharyngeal muscle Striated muscle Skeletal muscle Wraps around larynx Supplied by vagus nerve ```

Question 32

Describe the lower esophageal nerve

Answer 32

Not a true sphincter in dogs and cats | Considered a physiological sphincter

Question 33

What is the esophagus like in a canine?

Answer 33

Striated and skeletal muscle along the entire length

Question 34

Because the dog's esophagus is skeletal, what kind of problem does that allow for?

Answer 34

Neuromuscular diseases can occur

Question 35

What is the esophagus like in a feline?

Answer 35

Proximal 2/3 striated muscle | Distal 1/3 smooth muscle

Question 36

Because the cat's esophagus includes a smooth muscle portion that has autonomic system control, what kind of problem does that allow for?

Answer 36

Diseases that affect the autonomic system will effect the esophagus

Question 37

What are the most important muscles of the esophagus?

Answer 37

Circular muscle | Longitudinal Muscle

Question 38

Which is more tough, circular muscle or longitudinal muscle?

Answer 38

Circular muscle