Exam 4: Acid-Base 2

Question 1

Describe respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

Abnormality: CO2 increases
Effect: acidifying
Compensation: bicarb increases

Question 2

Describe respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

Abnormality: CO2 decreases
Effect: alkalizing
Compensation: bicarb decreases

Question 3

Describe metabolic alkalosis

Answer 3

Abnormality: bicarb increases
Effect: alkalizing
Compensation: CO2 increases

Question 4

Describe metabolic acidosis

Answer 4

Abnormality: bicarb decreases
Effect: acidifying
Compensation: CO2 decreases

Question 5

What are the 3 components needed to evaluate the acid-base status?

Answer 5

pH
Respiratory: PCO2
Metabolic: HCO3

Question 6

What is the normal pH range?

Answer 6

7.35–7.45

Question 7

What is the normal pCO2 range?

Answer 7

35–45

Question 8

What is the normal HCO3 range?

Answer 8

20–24

Question 9

What is the normal BE range?

Answer 9

-5–0

Question 10

What is the normal AG range?

Answer 10

10–20

Question 11

What is base excess?

Answer 11

The metabolic component independent of CO2

Question 12

What was anion gap developed for?

Answer 12

To better characterize a metabolic acidosis

Question 13

What are the 4 main causes of an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Ketones
Uremic acids
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol