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Physiology > Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 15 > Flashcards

Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if you put more pressure into an artery?

A

The blood pressure will go up

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2
Q

Why can a vein blow up more than an artery?

A

It is thin walled

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3
Q

What is vascular distensibility?

A

The fractional increase in volume for each mmHg rise in pressure

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4
Q

How do you calculate vascular distensibility?

A

Increase in volume / (increase in pressure x original volume)

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5
Q

Which is more distensible, veins or arteries? By how much

A

Veins

8 times more than arteries

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6
Q

What is vascular capacitance?

A

The total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg

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7
Q

What does capacitance equal?

A

Distensibility x volume

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8
Q

Which has a large capacitance, veins or arteries? By how much?

A

Veins

24 times bigger than arteries

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9
Q

How do you calculate vascular compliance?

A

Increase in volume / increase in pressure

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10
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

The height of the pressure pulse (120 mmHg)

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11
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The lowest point of the pressure pulse (80 mmHg)

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12
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (40 mmHg)

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13
Q

What factors dampen pulse pressures in the peripheral arteries?

A

Intensity of pulsations

Degree of damping

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14
Q

What happens to the intensity of pulsations in the smaller arteries?

A

It becomes progressively less

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15
Q

What is the degree of damping proportional to?

A

The resistance of small vessels and arterioles an the compliance of the larger vessels

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16
Q

What are factors that effect mean pressure?

A

Cardiac output

Peripheral resistance

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17
Q

What are factors that effect pulse pressure?

A

Stroke volume

Arterial compliance

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18
Q

What does total peripheral resistance come from?

A

Metarteriole

19
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

How much blood comes out with each stroke

20
Q

Compared to younger people, what do older people with arterial compliance have?

A

A higher push pressure

21
Q

What does an increase in stroke volume cause for pulse pressure?

A

An increase in pulse pressure

22
Q

What does a decrease in arterial compliance cause for pulse pressure?

A

An increase in pulse pressure

23
Q

What does a given change in volume within the arterial tree result in?

A

Larger increases in pressure than in veins

24
Q

What happens when veins are constricted?

A

Large quantities of blood are transferred to the heart thereby increasing cardiac output

25
Q

What happens to blood pressure when there is more blood on the artery side than the venous side?

A

It increases

26
Q

What is the ausculatory method?

A

The most commonly used method for measuring systolic and diastolic pressure

27
Q

What are korotkoff sounds?

A

Sounds of blood flow (systolic pressure)

28
Q

What are ways to measure systolic and diastolic pressures?

A

Pressure cuffs or oscillometric cuffs
Doppler method
Direct

29
Q

What is the direct method of measuring systolic and diastolic pressures?

A

A catheter is placed into the artery

30
Q

What is the normal systolic blood pressure of dogs and cats? Diastolic?

A

140-160 mmHg

Less than 90 mmHg

31
Q

What is the normal systolic blood pressure of a horse? Diastolic?

A

112 +/-14 mmHg

70 +/-14 mmHg

32
Q

At what systolic pressure is it considered to be hypertension?

A

160 mmHg

33
Q

What percentage of blood is in veins?

A

60%

34
Q

What is blood transferred into? What does it do?

A

Arterial system

Maintain arterial pressure

35
Q

What can serve as blood reservoirs?

A

Spleen
Liver
Large abdominal veins
Venus plexus

36
Q

What else is the spleen a special reservoir for?

A

RBCs

It is important in horses

37
Q

What is pressure in the right atrium called?

A

Central venous pressure

38
Q

What is the level of right atrial pressure or central venous pressure normally?

A

Zero

39
Q

What is right atrial pressure determined by?

A

The balance of the heart pumping blood out of the right atrium and the flow of blood from the large veins into the right atrium

40
Q

What are factors that increase right atrial pressure?

A

Increased blood volume
Increased venous tone
Dilation of arterioles
Decreased cardiac function

41
Q

What do compressional factors tend to cause?

A

Resistance to flow in large peripheral veins

42
Q

What do increases in right atrial pressure cause?

A

Blood to back up into the venous system, thereby increasing venous pressures

43
Q

What may abdominal pressures interfere with?

A

Venous return to the heart, especially in ruminants

44
Q

What do venous valves and “venous pump” do?

A

Keep pressures peripheral veins low

Physiology (70 decks)

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