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Physiology > Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 61 > Flashcards

Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 61 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the blood tissue barrier depend on?

A

Structure of endothelial wall

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2
Q

What is the blood tissue barrier for the liver like?

A

Highly fenestrated (many compounds will pass into tissue)

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3
Q

What is the blood tissue barrier for the kidney glomerulus like?

A

Specific filtration

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4
Q

What is the blood tissue barrier for the brain like?

A

Very tight junctions

Very limited passage of molecules except small molecules (O2, CO2, Na, etc)

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5
Q

What cannot pass the blood-brain barrier? How can they pass?

A

Proteins and drugs, but some lipid soluble drugs can

Pinocytotic vesicles

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6
Q

What are the different types of barriers?

A 
Blood-air barrier
Blood-gas barrier
Blood-aqueous barrier
Blood-brain barrier
Blood-CSF barrier
Blood-retina barrier
Blood-synovial barrier
Blood-milk barrier
Blood-testis barrier
Blood-placental barrier
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7
Q

Where are the blood-air barrier and blood-gas barrier?

A

Alveolovapillary membrane

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8
Q

What is the blood-aqueous barrier?

A

The physiological mechanism that prevents exchange of materials between the chamber of the eye and the blood

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9
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A

The barrier separating the blood from the brain parenchyma

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10
Q

How does the blood-CSF barrier compare to the blood-brain barrier?

A

It differs in that in consist of the epithelium of the choroid plexuses, but it has similar permeabilities

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11
Q

What is the blood-retina barrier?

A

Endothelium of the retinal capillaries and cells of the retinal pigment epithelium form a nonfenestrated barrier between choral tissue fluid and retinal tissue fluid

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12
Q

What is the blood-synovial barrier suggested by?

A

The presence of plasma proteins of small molecular size and catabolic products of articular cartilage in synovial fluid

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13
Q

What is the blood-milk barrier?

A

Specialized secretory tissue

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14
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier?

A

A barrier separating the blood from the seminiferous tubules

Provides an extravascular environment

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15
Q

What does the blood-placenta barrier depend on?

A

The type of placenta

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16
Q

What does the blood-brain barrier do?

A

Seals off every vessel in the brain to keep things from getting to it

17
Q

How much of the resting cardiac output goes to the brain?

A

15%

18
Q

What are the 3 metabolic factors that have potent effects on blood flow?

A

CO2
H+
O2

19
Q

What does an increase in CO2 do to the blood flow?

A

Increases it

20
Q

What is the CO2 increasing the blood flow thought to work through?

A

An increase in the H+ ion concentration

21
Q

What can an increase in H+ concentration do?

A

Depresses neuronal activity

22
Q

What is a normal PO2?

A

35-40 mmHg

23
Q

At what PO2 level do you see an increase in flow?

A

Below 30 mmHg

24
Q

What PO2 level causes a coma?

A

Below 20 mmHg

25
Q

What is the regulation of cerebral blood flow like?

A

Autoregulated

26
Q

At what pressure range is cerebral blood flow constant?

A

60 to 140 mmHg

27
Q

At what pressure of cerebral blood flow does blood flow begin to fall?

A

60 mmHg

28
Q

At what pressure of cerebral blood flow does the blood flow increase?

A

Above 140 mmHg

29
Q

At a pressure of 140 mmHg, what happens to the blood vessels?

A

The begin to stretch, which can lead to damage and eventual rupture

30
Q

What function does cerebrospinal fluid perform?

A

Cushioning

31
Q

What is the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

About 150 ml

32
Q

How much cerebrospinal fluid is produced each day by the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain?

A

500 ml

33
Q

What does the reabsorption of CSF occur through?

A

The arachnoid villi

34
Q

What is the normal CSF pressure?

A

10 mmHg

35
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

In the 3rd ventricle of the brain

36
Q

Wha is the CSF flow?

A

Choroid plexus on lateral ventricles
Foramen of Monro to third ventricle
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Fourth ventricle
Foramina of Magendie and Luschka
Subarachnoid space offer brain and spinal cord
Reabsorption into venous sinus blood via arachnoid villi

37
Q

Describe the brain

A

Highly metabolic organ

Limited anaerobic metabolism

38
Q

What percentage of the total metabolism of the body is the brain?

A

15%

Physiology (70 decks)

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