Exam 1 – Dr. Thomason Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Question 1

What is hemostasis?

Answer 1

Prevention of blood loss from a vessel

Question 2

What are the different mechanisms of hemostasis?

Answer 2

Formation of a platelet plug
Vascular constriction
Formation of a blood clot
Fibrinolysis

Question 3

What are the 2 phases of hemostasis?

Answer 3

Primary hemostasis

Secondary hemostasis

Question 4

What is primary hemostasis?

Answer 4

Interaction of vessels and platelets

Question 5

What is the result of primary hemostasis?

Answer 5

Platelet plug

Question 6

What is secondary hemostasis?

Answer 6

Clotting factors within coagulation cascade

Question 7

What is the result of secondary hemostasis?

Answer 7

Blood clot

Question 8

What is the size of platelets?

Answer 8

1-4 micron

Question 9

Where do platelets form?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

How long do platelet circulate?

Answer 10

7-10 days

Question 11

What are cytoplasmic factors?

Answer 11

Granules
Calcium ions
ATP and ADP
Prostaglandins
Growth factors

Question 12

What are the 3 phases of platelet function?

Answer 12

Adhesion
Activation
Aggregation

Question 13

What happens during platelet adhesion?

Answer 13

Circulate inactive along the periphery
Surface phospholipids detect and adhere to damaged vascular endothelium
First line of defense to prevent hemorrhage

Question 14

What can adhesion lead to?

Answer 14

Platelet activation

Question 15

What is von Willebrand’s factor (vWF)?

Answer 15

Adhesion protein produced by the endothelial cells and platelets

Question 16

What is vWF associated with in plasma?

Answer 16

Factor VIII

Question 17

What kind of trait is von Willebrand’s Disease (vWD)?

Answer 17

Autosomal

Question 18

What are the predisposed breeds to vWD?

Answer 18

Doberman Pinchers
Standard Poodles
Shelties
German Shepherds

Question 19

What will activated platelets do?

Answer 19

Change shape and size (grow pseudopods)
Express proteins to increase aggregation
Secret thromboxane A2
Contract and release granules

Question 20

What does the release of granules in platelet activation do?

Answer 20

Recruit more platelets

Question 21

What does thromboxane A2 cause?

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction

Question 22

When does vasoconstriction occur?

Answer 22

Immediately after vessel damage

Question 23

What does thromboxane over production cause?

Answer 23

Blood clots

Question 24

What can aspirin do?

Answer 24

Block thromboxane synthesis

Question 25

What does platelet aggregation do?

Answer 25

Attract additional platelets | Formation of a platelet plug

Question 26

What kind of feedback is there in platelet aggregation?

Answer 26

Positive feedback loop

Question 27

What happens with blood coagulation?

Answer 27

Initiation of coagulation cascade Prothrombin becomes thrombin Thrombin becomes fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 28

Where are coagulation factors produced?

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

What are important players in hemostasis?

Answer 29

Prothrombin to thrombin Fibrinogen to fibrin Tissue factor

Question 30

What is tissue factor released by?

Answer 30

Damage vascular endothelium when exposed to blood

Question 31

What is tissue factor induced by?

Answer 31

Cytokines, endotoxins, and inflammatory mediators

Question 32

What are the factors involved with the intrinsic portion of hemostasis?

Answer 32

8, 9, 11, and 12

Question 33

What is involved with the extrinsic portion of hemostasis?

Answer 33

Factor 7 | Tissue factor

Question 34

What is involved with common portion of hemostasis?

Answer 34

Factor 5 Prothrombin to thrombin Fibrinogen to fibrin Cross-linked fibrin

Question 35

What does thrombin do?

Answer 35

Amplifies the intrinsic to produce more thrombin

Question 36

What kind of feedback is amplification?

Answer 36

Positive feedback loop

Question 37

Describe hemostasis starting with tissue factor

Answer 37

Tissue factor will stimulate factor 7 Factor 7 will bind with factors 9 and 10 With the presence of factor 5, calcium, and factors 9 and 10, prothrombin becomes thrombin After thrombin comes into play, amplification will come into play

Question 38

What is hemostasis the balance of?

Answer 38

Coagulation and anticoagulation

Question 39

What else can thrombin cause other than the amplification process?

Answer 39

The demise of hemostasis | It will activate plasminogen which causes everything else to decrease

Question 40

What does fibrinolysis do?

Answer 40

Stops thrombin

Question 41

Look at hemostasis chart

Answer 41

Look at hemostasis chart

Question 42

What is hemophilia A?

Answer 42

Second most common inherited hemostatic defect | Common in German Shepherds

Question 43

What does the severity of hemophilia depend on?

Answer 43

Factor deficiency

Question 44

What is the treatment for hemophilia?

Answer 44

Cryoprecipitate | Plasma

Question 45

What causes hemophilia A?

Answer 45

Deficiency in factor 8

Question 46

What causes hemophilia B?

Answer 46

Deficiency in factor 9

Question 47

What do anticoagulant rodenticides cause?

Answer 47

Rapid depletion of vitamin K-dependent factors

Question 48

What are the vitamin K dependent clotting factors?

Answer 48

2, 7, 9, and 10

Question 49

What is the liver the major site of?

Answer 49

Synthesis for coagulation factors