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Physiology > Exam 1 – Dr. Thomason Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

Exam 1 – Dr. Thomason Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Prevention of blood loss from a vessel

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2
Q

What are the different mechanisms of hemostasis?

A

Formation of a platelet plug
Vascular constriction
Formation of a blood clot
Fibrinolysis

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3
Q

What are the 2 phases of hemostasis?

A

Primary hemostasis

Secondary hemostasis

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4
Q

What is primary hemostasis?

A

Interaction of vessels and platelets

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5
Q

What is the result of primary hemostasis?

A

Platelet plug

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6
Q

What is secondary hemostasis?

A

Clotting factors within coagulation cascade

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7
Q

What is the result of secondary hemostasis?

A

Blood clot

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8
Q

What is the size of platelets?

A

1-4 micron

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9
Q

Where do platelets form?

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

How long do platelet circulate?

A

7-10 days

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11
Q

What are cytoplasmic factors?

A 
Granules
Calcium ions
ATP and ADP
Prostaglandins
Growth factors
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12
Q

What are the 3 phases of platelet function?

A

Adhesion
Activation
Aggregation

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13
Q

What happens during platelet adhesion?

A

Circulate inactive along the periphery
Surface phospholipids detect and adhere to damaged vascular endothelium
First line of defense to prevent hemorrhage

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14
Q

What can adhesion lead to?

A

Platelet activation

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15
Q

What is von Willebrand’s factor (vWF)?

A

Adhesion protein produced by the endothelial cells and platelets

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16
Q

What is vWF associated with in plasma?

A

Factor VIII

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17
Q

What kind of trait is von Willebrand’s Disease (vWD)?

A

Autosomal

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18
Q

What are the predisposed breeds to vWD?

A

Doberman Pinchers
Standard Poodles
Shelties
German Shepherds

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19
Q

What will activated platelets do?

A

Change shape and size (grow pseudopods)
Express proteins to increase aggregation
Secret thromboxane A2
Contract and release granules

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20
Q

What does the release of granules in platelet activation do?

A

Recruit more platelets

21
Q

What does thromboxane A2 cause?

A

Vasoconstriction

22
Q

When does vasoconstriction occur?

A

Immediately after vessel damage

23
Q

What does thromboxane over production cause?

A

Blood clots

24
Q

What can aspirin do?

A

Block thromboxane synthesis

25
Q

What does platelet aggregation do?

A

Attract additional platelets

Formation of a platelet plug

26
Q

What kind of feedback is there in platelet aggregation?

A

Positive feedback loop

27
Q

What happens with blood coagulation?

A

Initiation of coagulation cascade
Prothrombin becomes thrombin
Thrombin becomes fibrinogen into fibrin

28
Q

Where are coagulation factors produced?

A

Liver

29
Q

What are important players in hemostasis?

A

Prothrombin to thrombin
Fibrinogen to fibrin
Tissue factor

30
Q

What is tissue factor released by?

A

Damage vascular endothelium when exposed to blood

31
Q

What is tissue factor induced by?

A

Cytokines, endotoxins, and inflammatory mediators

32
Q

What are the factors involved with the intrinsic portion of hemostasis?

A

8, 9, 11, and 12

33
Q

What is involved with the extrinsic portion of hemostasis?

A

Factor 7

Tissue factor

34
Q

What is involved with common portion of hemostasis?

A

Factor 5
Prothrombin to thrombin
Fibrinogen to fibrin
Cross-linked fibrin

35
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Amplifies the intrinsic to produce more thrombin

36
Q

What kind of feedback is amplification?

A

Positive feedback loop

37
Q

Describe hemostasis starting with tissue factor

A

Tissue factor will stimulate factor 7
Factor 7 will bind with factors 9 and 10
With the presence of factor 5, calcium, and factors 9 and 10, prothrombin becomes thrombin
After thrombin comes into play, amplification will come into play

38
Q

What is hemostasis the balance of?

A

Coagulation and anticoagulation

39
Q

What else can thrombin cause other than the amplification process?

A

The demise of hemostasis

It will activate plasminogen which causes everything else to decrease

40
Q

What does fibrinolysis do?

A

Stops thrombin

41
Q

Look at hemostasis chart

A

Look at hemostasis chart

42
Q

What is hemophilia A?

A

Second most common inherited hemostatic defect

Common in German Shepherds

43
Q

What does the severity of hemophilia depend on?

A

Factor deficiency

44
Q

What is the treatment for hemophilia?

A

Cryoprecipitate

Plasma

45
Q

What causes hemophilia A?

A

Deficiency in factor 8

46
Q

What causes hemophilia B?

A

Deficiency in factor 9

47
Q

What do anticoagulant rodenticides cause?

A

Rapid depletion of vitamin K-dependent factors

48
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent clotting factors?

A

2, 7, 9, and 10

49
Q

What is the liver the major site of?

A

Synthesis for coagulation factors

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