Diseases CPA 8 Flashcards
Rickettsia rickettsii; bacteria; transmitted via hard ticks among genus Dermacentor; lies dormant in salivary glands of tick vector; tick must feed for several hours to infect; humans and rodents; petichia; CNS, respiratory failure; spotted, non-itchy rash on trunk/appendages; 50% of cases a subcutaneous hemorrhage develops (petechiae); only about 0.5% of patients die with treatment; more prevalent in Appalachian Mountains; female ticks can pass to her offspring
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Clostridium perfringens; bacteria; introduced into dead tissue via surgical cut, traumatic event, any deep, lacerating, “dirty” wound; increased pain at infection site, dusky skin that turns dark red/purple, foul-smelling drainage, crepitation, tachycardia; untreated = shock, coma, death; can palpate the bubbles under skin; noninvasive of healthy tissue; 40% mortality
Gas Gangrene
Rubivirus; ssRNA virus; infects via inhalation; mild rash of pink/red macuoles, swollen lymph nodes in children, severe congenital defects in unborn babies (deafness, blindness, microcephaly, mental/growth retardation; unvaccinated individuals and unborn babies; “R” part of MMR vaccine; teratogenic to babies
Rubella; aka German measles or 3-day measles
Acanthamoeba & Naegleria; protozoa; warm lakes, ponds, puddles, ditches, moist soil, artificial water systems (swimming pools, AC units, humidifiers, contact lense solution); enter through scrapes/cuts on skin, covering of the eye via abrasions of contact lenses/trauma; inhalation of contaminated water while swimming; replicating pathogen migrates to the brain via cranial nerves; produce resistant cysts
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy
Human herpevirus 4; Epstein-Barr virus; dsDNA virus; interaction of cellular immune system with infected B-lymphocytes; severe sore throat/fever, enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly, skin rash, severe fatigue, loss of appetite; transmitted via saliva (drinking from same glass, kissing, cough, sneeze); initially infects epithelial cells of throat/salivary glands, spreads to blood and invades B-lymphocytes
Infectious Mononucleosis; aka kissing disease/mono
Enterobius vermicularis; helminth (nematode); 1/3 of cases are asymptomatic; symptomatic cases involve perianal itching, irritability and sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, weight loss; females deposit eggs perianally and then migrate back to colon, itching of the perianal area releases the eggs onto clothes/bedding where they dry and become aerosolized and settle on food/water that is consumed; humans can continually reinfect themselves via itching; over 500 million people worldwide, temperate climates, school-aged children, overcrowded area; live in intestinal tract up to 2 months; test via placing tape on anus
Pinworm Infestation
