Crossword CPA #18 Flashcards
type of immune response carried out by T cells
cell-mediated
subsequent exposure to the same antigen from a pathogen that causes memory cells to respond quickly
secondary response
cell-cell contact between immune cells that are strengthened by cytokines secreted by T helper cells
immunological synapse
function of some antibodies; results in “clumping” when the antibody finds its correct antigen
agglutination
ie. injection that forces the body to make antibodies to the injected antigen to ensure that the body can make and secrete those antibodies years later if exposed to pathogen that has those exact antigens
artificially acquired active immunity
type of T cell that directly kills other cells; aka CD8
cytotoxic
cells that form all blood cells including leukocytes
hematopoietic stem cells
result in immunological memory and protection against future infections
active immune response
the way a body removes ALL B and MOST T cells that react to “self” antigens (some T cells remain and become regulatory T cells); results in apoptosis
clonal deletion
3D shapes of antigen segments that are what antibodies recognize and bind to
epitopes
randomly formed and results in the billions of different types of T cells that can each react to a different foreign antigen when bound to MHC
TCR
type of immune response carried out by B cells; aka antibody immune response
humoral
type of antigens produced when microbes infect host cells
endogenous
attribute of adaptive immunity; results in the ability to create multiple exact copies of particular immune cells
clonality
type of T cell that coordinates B and T cell response; aka CD4
helper T cell
there are 2 classes of these; class I is found on nucleated cells, class II is found on APC’s
MHC
first exposure to pathogen in which small amounts of antibody are made
primary response
ie. antibodies passes from mom to baby in womb or during breastfeeding; effective only from birth to first few months of life; body must learn how to make these antibodies later in development after antigen exposure
naturally acquired passive immunity
function of some antibodies; attracts NK cells microbe which trigger apoptosis of microbe
ADCC
cell suicide
apoptosis
over 1000 of these are preset in the body; concentrated in neck, groin, armpit, and abdominal regions; location of most B and T cells
lymph nodes
lymphocytes that mature in the red bone marrow; less than 15-30% of all lymphocytes in the blood
B cells
part of MALT; located in small intestine
Peyers Patches
type of T cell that prevents autoimmune diseases; aka suppressor T cells
regulatory T cells
molecules on the outside of cells or secreted by cells that are recognized by antibodies
antigen
type of leukocyte; include B and T cells
lymphocytes
y-shaped molecule that contains two antigen-binding sites
antibody
surveillance system that screens the body for foreign molecules; system has no pump, moves due to skeletal muscles and one way valves
lymphatic system
lymphatic organs that trap microbes
tonsils
ie. injection of antibodies to a particular pathogen; enables immediate action of injected antibodies (such as antitoxins); body may need injection of the same antibodies if re-exposed to same pathogen
artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
ie. antibodies made when you get chickenpox; can make and secrete those antibodies years later if re-exposed
naturally acquired active immunity
function of some antibodies; induces a reaction that directly kills microbes
oxidation
function of some antibodies; tags microbes to increase the chances and speed of microbe phagocytosis
opsonization
lymphocytes that mature in the thymus; 70-85% of all lymphocytes in then blood
T cells
attribute of adaptive immunity; allows the immune system to respond faster and more effectively during the second exposure to a particular pathogen
memory
attribute of adaptive immunity; prevents the immune system from attacking the body itself
self-tolerant
enable quick response by the body but no memory B and T cells are made so there is no protection against future infections
passive immune response
signals used that regulate and coordinate immune system responses; signals that enhance immunological synapses
cytokines
function of some antibodies; also triggers inflammation
activate complement
type of antigens such as toxins or parts of the outside of microbes
exogenous
function of some antibodies; inactivates toxins or blocks attachment
neutralization
cells of the adaptive immunity can produce these identical cells
clones
lymphatic organ that filters blood and removes microbes and damaged RBCs
spleen
ie. lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, MALT
secondary lymphoid organs
aka self antigens; enables self-tolerance
autoantigens
where leukocytes are made in the body
red bone marrow
randomly formed and results in the billions of different types of B cells that can each react to a different foreign antigen; look like antibodies stuck to cells
BCR
ie. red bone marrow and thymus
primary lymphoid organs
includes appendix, lymphoid tissue of the respiratory tract, vagina, urinary bladder and mammary glands, Peyers patches, etc
MALT
organ located above the heart; where T cells mature
thymus
form a one way system to collect and return fluid that escapes the circulatory system; also, system carries toxins and pathogens to areas where lymphocytes are concentrated
lymphatic vessels
cells that travel to lymph nodes to present antigens bound to MHCs to B and T cell; include B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
APC
B cells that have been activated to secrete antibodies
plasma cells
attribute of adaptive immunity; allows the immune system to have a different response depending on the antigen encountered
specificity
attribute of adaptive immunity; results in the activation of the immune system when a specific antigen in encountered
inducibility
colorless, watery liquid form from leaky blood vessels
lymph
