Diseases CPA 14

Question 1

impetigo (pyoderma)

Answer 1

staphylococcus aureus & streptococcus pyogenes; bacteria; small, flattened, red patches primarily on face and limbs; patches develop into oozing, pus-filled vesicles on red base; eventually break and form a thick, honey-colored, sticky crust firmly attached to skin; when it infects surrounding lymph nodes = eryspelas; invades through scratches, cold sores, or other wounds; spread via person-to-person or via fomites

Question 2

erysipelas

Answer 2

severe form of impetigo; manifests as reddening of skin on face, arms, legs; reddened area has distinct margins as if painted on; swollen local lymph nodes, pain, fever, chills, leukocytosis; mortality ranges from 2-17% without treatment

Question 3

necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 3

streptococcus pyogenes; redness, swelling, intense pain at site of infection; bacteria digests the muscle fascia; mental confusion as BP drops; transmitted person to person and enters body via breaks in the skin; spreads rapidly along muscle fascia; secretes enzymes and toxins

Question 4

measles aka rebeola measles

Answer 4

morbillivirus; ssRNA virus; enters via respiratory tract & spreads to lymph nodes and blood; conjunctivitis, maculopapular rash, Koplik’s spots; subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; highly contagious; humans are only host; unvaccinated are at higher risk (80%); spread via respiratory droplets

Question 5

trachoma

Answer 5

chlamydia trachomatis; bacteria; leading cause of nontraumatic blindness; “roughness”; conjunctiva and cornea are scarred, leading to blindness; typically infected during birth; adults contract it when bacteria from the genitalia via fomites, fingers, flies

Question 6

chlamydial infections

Answer 6

chlamydia trachomatis; bacteria; sexually transmitted, congenital; 85% are asymptomatic in women, more than 75% of men are symptomatic; urethritis, painful urination, pus discharge; cause epididymitis or orchitis (inflammation of testes) in males and PID in females; if baby is infected at birth = trachoma; severe form is lymphogranuloma venerum = transient genital lesion at site of infection followed by development of a bubo in the groin; buboes can get large enough to rupture