Diseases CPA 13

Question 1

herpes

Answer 1

human herpesvirus I/II; dsDNA virus; enter through mucous membranes of mouth/genitals; prodromal period of malaise, fever, muscle pain, develop blisters, blisters break leaving an ulcer; ulcers take several weeks to heal; can stay latent; sexually transmitted, transmitted via fomites, human to human contact, can autoinnoculate; transmit to baby during delivery

Question 2

chicken pox/shingles

Answer 2

varicella-zoster virus (VZV); dsDNA; skin lesions on back/trunk that spread to face/neck/limbs; may spread to mouth, pharynx, vagina; begin as macules, then papules, then thin fluid-filled vesicles on red bases (teardrops on rose petals), crust over; can become latent within sensory nerves & remain dormant for years; when reactivated, the virus travels down the infected nerve to produce a painful rash (shingles); infects respiratory tract via mucous membrane, spreads to liver, spleen, lymph nodes, blood, and then skin; much more severe in adults than children

Question 3

varient creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Answer 3

PrP prion; ingestion of infected meat, transplant of infected tissues; irrational behavior, loss of muscle control, increasing inability to walk, talk, or maintain posture, muscle spasms; continuous writhing of extremities; death is inevitable; can remain dormant for 60+ years; individuals at risk = anyone who consumed beef in the UK from 1980-1996; once showing s/s, 12 months until death

Question 4

lyme disease

Answer 4

borrelia burgdoferi; bacteria (spirochete); infected via skin from tick bite; bulls-eye rash, malaise, headache, dizziness, stiff neck, severe fatigue, joint pain, lymphadenopathy; higher risk of infection in endemic ares from may-july due to nymph feeding

Question 5

dengue hemorrhagic fever

Answer 5

flavivirus; ssRNA virus; hyperimmune response following reinfection of dengue virus; activates memory T cells which release lymphokines which cause blood vessels to rupture, internal bleeding, shock, death; transmitted via mosquitos; lifelong immunity follows recovery

Question 6

tuberculosis

Answer 6

mycobacterium tuberculosis; bacteria; can remain dormant for decades; multi-drug resistant strains; leading disease in the world; signs and symptoms are not always apparent; minor cough/fever, breathing difficulty, malaise, chest pain, wheezing, coughing up blood

Question 7

respiratory syncytial virus infection

Answer 7

respiratory syncytial virus; ssRNA virus; fever, rhinorrhea, coughing, cyanosis; babies and immunocompromised are at highest risk; transmit via inhalation; leading respiratory killer in infants