Disease Transmission CPA 1-5 Flashcards
zoonotic; most commonly rabbits, muskrats, ticks; can pass through unbroken skin/mucous membrane; bite of infected tick; direct contact with infected animal.
does not spread human to human; most common among hunters, trappers, and taxidermists
tularemia; ‘rabbit fever/tick fever’
via contaminated water (bathing, swimming, washing clothes, drinking); common in less developed parts of countries;
SNAILS
schistosomiasis
mosquitos spread virus; domestic collections of stagnant water; jungle monkeys act as a reservoir; still present in Africa and South America
yellow fever
bubonic: spread from animals; flea bites from infected fleas
pneumonic: spread person to person (airborne) or from animals
plague
obvious source of infection (tooth, skin, intravascular catheter) & spreads to endocardium via opportunistic pathogens
intravenous drug users, immunocompromised people, prolonged medical procedures
endocarditis
direct bacteria into blood (medical procedure, infection elsewhere in the body, abrasions in respiratory system, or GI tract)
HAI from urinary catheter is common; immunocompromised individuals (alcoholism, drug abuse, malnutrition, stress, HIV)
septicemia, bacteremia, toxemia, toxic-shock-like syndrome
no specific cause; suspected to be from over abundance of anaerobes and spirochetes; non-communicable
high sugar diets, continual snacking, foods high in natural acid
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
human or cat feces on hands & infects mouth; fecal-oral
peptic ulcer disease
contaminated water, food, or hands; water based, then contaminates food or hands; common with backpackers, campers, swimming in ponds, and contact with certain animals
when camping, hiking, etc. do not drink the unfiltered creek water
giardiasis
contaminated water; human feces consumption; oral-fecal contact;
cockroaches and houseflies can facilitate the spread; no animal reservoir - HUMAN reservoir
lesser developed countries; malnutrition; immunodeficiency; old age; pregnancy; steroids
amebiasis
spread via humans (shared hairbrushes, combs)
pityriasis versicolor
direct contact; fomites; childbirth; infects through cuts/abrasions; can spread to self/others; infects cutaneous or mucosal tissue
warts
bites from mites; human body contact; sexual transmission;
common in age under 15 y/o; crowded living conditions
scabies
direct contact; fomites; can spread to self; colonizes in moist skin folds (armpits, groin);
human skin, upper respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary and genital tracts
folliculitis
sexually transmitted; only in humans; cannot survive in environment; cannot be spread by fomites; common in sex workers, gay sexual men, & drug users
syphilis
sexually transmitted; mucous membrane of vagina; adolescent females (increased risk of infected cervical lining), multiple sexual partners
pelvic inflammatory disease
bacteria in urethra; most common in females due to shorter urethra & improper anus to vagina wiping
bacterial uti
spread between humans; opportunistic pathogen; digestive/reproductive tract of healthy humans; common in women (vagina) and people with aids (oral)
candidiasis
higher pH allows bacteria to grow; multiple sexual partners; normal bacteria of the vagina are replaced; most common in women with multiple sexual partners and vaginal douching
bacterial vaginosis
enters through vagina or cuts/wound; human skin; bacteria grows well in blood soaked environment
staphylococcal TSS
consuming contaminated food; infects cells of intestines within 24 hours of consumption
viral gastroenteritis
ingestion of contaminated beef/pork; consumption of undercooked/raw meat; humans pass the eggs that are consumed by livestock; humans then consume the larvae in the meat;
common in poor, rural areas with poor sewage treatment
tapeworm infestation
zoonosis; sandfly bites; bite from infected dog/rodent; oral mucous membranes
leishmaniasis
non-communicable; human sebaceous glands; bacteria feeds on sebum
acne
