Disease Transmission CPA 1-5

Question 1

zoonotic; most commonly rabbits, muskrats, ticks; can pass through unbroken skin/mucous membrane; bite of infected tick; direct contact with infected animal.

does not spread human to human; most common among hunters, trappers, and taxidermists

Answer 1

tularemia; ‘rabbit fever/tick fever’

Question 2

via contaminated water (bathing, swimming, washing clothes, drinking); common in less developed parts of countries;

SNAILS

Answer 2

schistosomiasis

Question 3

mosquitos spread virus; domestic collections of stagnant water; jungle monkeys act as a reservoir; still present in Africa and South America

Answer 3

yellow fever

Question 4

bubonic: spread from animals; flea bites from infected fleas
pneumonic: spread person to person (airborne) or from animals

Answer 4

plague

Question 5

obvious source of infection (tooth, skin, intravascular catheter) & spreads to endocardium via opportunistic pathogens

intravenous drug users, immunocompromised people, prolonged medical procedures

Answer 5

endocarditis

Question 6

direct bacteria into blood (medical procedure, infection elsewhere in the body, abrasions in respiratory system, or GI tract)

HAI from urinary catheter is common; immunocompromised individuals (alcoholism, drug abuse, malnutrition, stress, HIV)

Answer 6

septicemia, bacteremia, toxemia, toxic-shock-like syndrome

Question 7

no specific cause; suspected to be from over abundance of anaerobes and spirochetes; non-communicable

high sugar diets, continual snacking, foods high in natural acid

Answer 7

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Question 8

human or cat feces on hands & infects mouth; fecal-oral

Answer 8

peptic ulcer disease

Question 9

contaminated water, food, or hands; water based, then contaminates food or hands; common with backpackers, campers, swimming in ponds, and contact with certain animals

when camping, hiking, etc. do not drink the unfiltered creek water

Answer 9

giardiasis

Question 10

contaminated water; human feces consumption; oral-fecal contact;

cockroaches and houseflies can facilitate the spread; no animal reservoir - HUMAN reservoir

lesser developed countries; malnutrition; immunodeficiency; old age; pregnancy; steroids

Answer 10

amebiasis

Question 11

spread via humans (shared hairbrushes, combs)

Answer 11

pityriasis versicolor

Question 12

direct contact; fomites; childbirth; infects through cuts/abrasions; can spread to self/others; infects cutaneous or mucosal tissue

Answer 12

warts

Question 13

bites from mites; human body contact; sexual transmission;

common in age under 15 y/o; crowded living conditions

Answer 13

scabies

Question 14

direct contact; fomites; can spread to self; colonizes in moist skin folds (armpits, groin);

human skin, upper respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary and genital tracts

Answer 14

folliculitis

Question 15

sexually transmitted; only in humans; cannot survive in environment; cannot be spread by fomites; common in sex workers, gay sexual men, & drug users

Answer 15

syphilis

Question 16

sexually transmitted; mucous membrane of vagina; adolescent females (increased risk of infected cervical lining), multiple sexual partners

Answer 16

pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 17

bacteria in urethra; most common in females due to shorter urethra & improper anus to vagina wiping

Answer 17

bacterial uti

Question 18

spread between humans; opportunistic pathogen; digestive/reproductive tract of healthy humans; common in women (vagina) and people with aids (oral)

Answer 18

candidiasis

Question 19

higher pH allows bacteria to grow; multiple sexual partners; normal bacteria of the vagina are replaced; most common in women with multiple sexual partners and vaginal douching

Answer 19

bacterial vaginosis

Question 20

enters through vagina or cuts/wound; human skin; bacteria grows well in blood soaked environment

Answer 20

staphylococcal TSS

Question 21

consuming contaminated food; infects cells of intestines within 24 hours of consumption

Answer 21

viral gastroenteritis

Question 22

ingestion of contaminated beef/pork; consumption of undercooked/raw meat; humans pass the eggs that are consumed by livestock; humans then consume the larvae in the meat;

common in poor, rural areas with poor sewage treatment

Answer 22

tapeworm infestation

Question 23

zoonosis; sandfly bites; bite from infected dog/rodent; oral mucous membranes

Answer 23

leishmaniasis

Question 24

non-communicable; human sebaceous glands; bacteria feeds on sebum

Answer 24

acne