Diseases CPA #1 Flashcards
Scientific Name: Sarcoptes scabiei
Type of organism: Arachnid (Arthropod)
Key s/s: intense itching and pimple-like bumps.
Contracted/Transmitted: via bites from mites (usually bite at night, may find in bedding), sexually transmitted, and through human body contact.
Key points: Adult female mites can live up to 6 months on skin, where they burrow and lay eggs, causing the itching. This disease can be transmitted from one part of the body to another.
Scabies
Scientific name: Leishmania
type of organism: flagellated prozoan
Key s/s: inflamed mucous membranes, skin ulcers, skin lesions, weight loss, and anemia.
Contracted/transmitted: bite from infected sand flies, bite from infected dog/rodent
Key points: three different levels – Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and Visceral leishmaniasis.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by large painless ulcers around the bite wounds from the vector. It is not fatal and is the least severe of the three levels.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by the enlargement of skin lesions that encompass the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or soft palate. It is not fatal, but more severe than cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Visceral leishmaniasis occurs when macrophages spread the disease to the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. This is fatal 100% of the time if left untreated and is the most severe of the three levels.
Leishmaniasis
Alternative names: Pimples
Scientific Name: Propionibacterium acnes (85% of cases), Staphylococcus aureus can also cause acne.
type of pathogen: Bacteria
Key s/s: A symptom of acne is white, puss-filled pimples and redness/inflammation usually on the face/neck area.
transmission: Acne is not transmittable.
Key points: Acne is caused by excessive oil production triggered by hormones of adolescence, especially in males due to testosterone. This excessive oil production stimulates the growth of bacteria. The bacteria then secrete chemicals that attract leukocytes and cause inflammation. Acne usually develops on areas of the body where sebaceous glands are most numerous, such as the face, scalp, neck, chest, back, upper arms, and shoulders. Scientists have not shown any connection between food/diet and acne. Food does not affect sebum production.
Acne
alternate name: Papillomas
Scientific name: Papillomavirus
type of pathogen: Virus
Key s/s: relatively painless though itchiness and redness may occur.
Transmission/contraction: via direct contact by human-to-human contact. Can also be contracted by object-to-human contact. Autoinoculation which is spreading the virus from one location to another location of the same body is another way this virus can be transmitted. Genital warts can be contracted by sexual intercourse.
key points: According to the textbook there are 100 strains of human papillomavirus. Some strains of the papillomavirus can lead to cancer…for example, genital warts.
Warts
scientific name: Malassezia furfur
type of pathogen: Fungi
key s/s: Patches of the skin lighter or darker than the surrounding skin, loss of color, rashes, redness.
transmission: usually from shared hairbrushes and combs, and several members of a family may be infected at the same time. Adolescents are likely to be afflicted.
key points: Superficial fungi produce keratinase, an enzyme that dissolves keratin. These fungi do not penetrate living tissues and do not trigger immune responses which differentiates them from cutaneous and subcutaneous.
pityriasis versicolor
alternative names: Pimple, sty, furuncle, carbuncle.
scientific names: Staphylococcus epidermis, staphylococcus aureus.
pathogen type: Bacteria
key s/s: Red, inflamed, irritated puss filled hair follicles
transmitted/contracted: via fomites (toilet seats), auto inoculation
folliculitis
