Diseases CPA 15

Question 1

pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 1

streptococcus pneumoniae; bacteria; affects one or more lobes of lungs; congestion, chest pain, short, rapid breathing, possibly nausea/ vomiting; inhaled into lungs from pharynx; bacteria multiply in alveoli; bloody sputum

Question 2

primary atypical mycoplasmal pneumonia

Answer 2

mycoplasma pneumoniae; bacteria; early signs include fever, malaise, headache, excessive sweating; persistant unproductive cough; may last several weeks; aka walking pneumonia; causes cilia to stop beating, kills epithelial cells; interrupts ciliary escalator causes buildup of mucus that irritates respiratory tract; leading pneumonia in adults/children over the age of 5; lacks seasonality so it occurs year round; spread via nasal secretions among people in close contact

Question 3

klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 3

klebsiella pneumoniae; bacteria; leading cause of nosocomial infections; destruction of alveoli, resulting in thick, bloody sputum; recurrent chills; higher mortality rate of three pneumonias; contracted via inhalation; lung damage is permanent

Question 4

dysentery

Answer 4

S. dysenteriae; bacteria; severe and painful form of gastroenteritis; stools are loose, frequent, contain blood/mucus; consuming improperly handled/prepared food

Question 5

shigellosis

Answer 5

shigella (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei); bacteria; fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bloody stool; S. dysenteriae secretes shiga toxin which causes a severe form with a mortality rate of 20%+

Question 6

traveler’s diarrhea

Answer 6

escherichia coli; bacteria; coliform; destruction of red blood cells; hemolytic uremic syndrome; 1 in 10 million deaths; fecal- oral; poor sewage treatment

Question 7

campylobacter diarrhea

Answer 7

campylobacter jejuni; bacteria; adhesins, cytotoxins, endotoxin; chickens/turkey are primary source of infection; invade jejunum, ileum, and colon; most cases resolve on their own;

Question 8

c. diff.

Answer 8

clostridium difficile; bacteria; anti-microbial associated diarrhea; 5-10 clear, watery, foul-smelling bowel movements per day; pseudomembranous colitis (inflammation, life-threatening, formation of intestinal lesions); 5% of adults get infected, 70% of infants; non-invasive; by-product of modern medicine; 20% of hospital patients carry; shed in feces;

Question 9

salmonellosis

Answer 9

s. enterica; chicken eggs; mouth and mucous membranes of intestine by fecal-oral transmission; involves ingestion of food or water contaminated with sewage or ingestion of food handled by asymptomatic carrier; shed in feces

Question 10

typhoid fever

Answer 10

typhi or paratyphi; serotypes of salmonella enterica; bacteria; tolerate low pH; inhibit phagocytosis; induce apoptosis; same portal of entry as salmonellosis; rose spot rash on lower chest/abdomen; life-threatening complications, including intestinal hemorrhage; perforation, kidney failure, or peritonitis

Question 11

cholera

Answer 11

vibrio cholerae; bacteria; ingestion of contaminated water or raw/undercooked seafood; sudden onset of “rice-water” diarrhea; dehydration; abdominal cramps, death can occur within hours; mortality is 25-50% in untreated patients