CPA #10 Questions Flashcards
what are the 4 reasons eukaryotic reproduction is more complex than prokaryotic?
- eukaryote DNA is packaged with histone proteins (chromosomes in form of chromatin fibers); mitochondria or chloroplasts
- many methods of asexual reproduction
- some use sexual reproduction
- algae, fungi, and some protozoa can reproduce sexually and asexually
what is the difference in haploid and diploid?
haploid: nucleus with 1 single copy of each chromosome; gametes
diploid: nucleus with 2 sets of chromosomes; zygote after union of gametes
define: schizogony
multiple mitoses form a multinucleate cell called a schizont THEN cytokinesis occurs, simultaneously releasing numerous uninucleate daughter cells
what are the key characteristics of protozoa?
eukaryotic, unicellular, motile, and lack a cell wall
where are most protozoa found?
moist environments (ponds, streams, lakes, oceans, etc)
define: trophozoite
motile feeding state of protozoa
define: cyst
resting state of protozoa; thick capsule and low metabolic rate
what is a benefit of a trophozoite state?
reproductive abilities
what is a benefit of a cyst state?
allow passage from one host to another; allow to survive harsh environments
how do most protozoans obtain nutrients?
chemoheterotrophic; phagocytizing bacteria; decaying organic matter, other protozoa, or soft tissue of host
how do protozoa reproduce?
most: asexually only; binary fission or schizogony
few: sexually
how are fungi similar to protozoa?
chemoheterotrophic
how are fungi different than protozoa?
fungi have cell walls composed of chitin
how do fungi differ from plants?
fungi lack chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis
how do fungi differ from animals?
animals do not have cell walls
what are benefits of fungi to humans?
antibiotics; immunosuppressive drugs(allow for organ transplants); cholesterol-reducing agents
also: food; religious ceremonies; manufacturing of food/drink products
what percentage of fungi cause mycoses?
~30%
what are the methods of fungi reproduction?
budding, asexual spore formation; sexual spore formation
how are algae different than plants?
sexual reproductive structures
how are algae the same as plants?
photoautotrophic and eukaryotic
identify the methods of algae reproduction
asexually via mitosis/cytokinesis
sexually via alternation of generations
define: alteration of generations
diploids undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores which develop into male/female bodies that look identical to the diploid body; every cell of reproductive portion becomes a gamete (alga); fusion of gametes = zygote
each generation can reproduce sexually or asexually by formation of spores
What is an arthropod vector?
Animals that carry pathogens and have segmented bodies, hard exoskeletons and jointed legs
Define: biological vector
Carry pathogens AND serve as a host for pathogens; has to actually bite you to transfer pathogen
Define: mechanical vector
Only a carrier for a pathogens
What are the two classes of arthropod vectors?
Arachnids and insects
What is the difference between arachnids and insects?
Arachnids: 8 legs as adults (6 as juveniles); disc shaped body
Insects: 6 legs as adults; 3 body regions; some can fly
Examples of arachnids? (3)
Spiders, ticks, mites
Examples of insects? (5)
Fleas, lice, flies, mosquitoes, kissing bugs
Most important arachnid?
Ticks
Most important insect vector?
Mosquito
where do most algae live?
photic zone
What is the most important ARTHROPOD?
mosquitos
