CPA #10 Questions

Question 1

what are the 4 reasons eukaryotic reproduction is more complex than prokaryotic?

Answer 1

1. eukaryote DNA is packaged with histone proteins (chromosomes in form of chromatin fibers); mitochondria or chloroplasts
2. many methods of asexual reproduction
3. some use sexual reproduction
4. algae, fungi, and some protozoa can reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 2

what is the difference in haploid and diploid?

Answer 2

haploid: nucleus with 1 single copy of each chromosome; gametes
diploid: nucleus with 2 sets of chromosomes; zygote after union of gametes

Question 3

define: schizogony

Answer 3

multiple mitoses form a multinucleate cell called a schizont THEN cytokinesis occurs, simultaneously releasing numerous uninucleate daughter cells

Question 4

what are the key characteristics of protozoa?

Answer 4

eukaryotic, unicellular, motile, and lack a cell wall

Question 5

where are most protozoa found?

Answer 5

moist environments (ponds, streams, lakes, oceans, etc)

Question 6

define: trophozoite

Answer 6

motile feeding state of protozoa

Question 7

define: cyst

Answer 7

resting state of protozoa; thick capsule and low metabolic rate

Question 8

what is a benefit of a trophozoite state?

Answer 8

reproductive abilities

Question 9

what is a benefit of a cyst state?

Answer 9

allow passage from one host to another; allow to survive harsh environments

Question 10

how do most protozoans obtain nutrients?

Answer 10

chemoheterotrophic; phagocytizing bacteria; decaying organic matter, other protozoa, or soft tissue of host

Question 11

how do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 11

most: asexually only; binary fission or schizogony
few: sexually

Question 12

how are fungi similar to protozoa?

Answer 12

chemoheterotrophic

Question 13

how are fungi different than protozoa?

Answer 13

fungi have cell walls composed of chitin

Question 14

how do fungi differ from plants?

Answer 14

fungi lack chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis

Question 15

how do fungi differ from animals?

Answer 15

animals do not have cell walls

Question 16

what are benefits of fungi to humans?

Answer 16

antibiotics; immunosuppressive drugs(allow for organ transplants); cholesterol-reducing agents

also: food; religious ceremonies; manufacturing of food/drink products

Question 17

what percentage of fungi cause mycoses?

Answer 17

~30%

Question 18

what are the methods of fungi reproduction?

Answer 18

budding, asexual spore formation; sexual spore formation

Question 19

how are algae different than plants?

Answer 19

sexual reproductive structures

Question 20

how are algae the same as plants?

Answer 20

photoautotrophic and eukaryotic

Question 21

identify the methods of algae reproduction

Answer 21

asexually via mitosis/cytokinesis

sexually via alternation of generations

Question 22

define: alteration of generations

Answer 22

diploids undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores which develop into male/female bodies that look identical to the diploid body; every cell of reproductive portion becomes a gamete (alga); fusion of gametes = zygote

each generation can reproduce sexually or asexually by formation of spores

Question 23

What is an arthropod vector?

Answer 23

Animals that carry pathogens and have segmented bodies, hard exoskeletons and jointed legs

Question 24

Define: biological vector

Answer 24

Carry pathogens AND serve as a host for pathogens; has to actually bite you to transfer pathogen

Question 25

Define: mechanical vector

Answer 25

Only a carrier for a pathogens

Question 26

What are the two classes of arthropod vectors?

Answer 26

Arachnids and insects

Question 27

What is the difference between arachnids and insects?

Answer 27

Arachnids: 8 legs as adults (6 as juveniles); disc shaped body

Insects: 6 legs as adults; 3 body regions; some can fly

Question 28

Examples of arachnids? (3)

Answer 28

Spiders, ticks, mites

Question 29

Examples of insects? (5)

Answer 29

Fleas, lice, flies, mosquitoes, kissing bugs

Question 30

Most important arachnid?

Answer 30

Ticks

Question 31

Most important insect vector?

Answer 31

Mosquito

Question 32

where do most algae live?

Answer 32

photic zone

Question 33

What is the most important ARTHROPOD?

Answer 33

mosquitos