Diseases CPA 10

Question 1

Bartonella henselae; bacteria; primary virulence factor = endotoxin (lipid A), which is released when the bacteria dies; cat scratches or bites (especially by kittens); blood-sucking arthropods may transmit; fever, blood clots, shock, inflammation; carried by cats, but only causes disease in humans

Answer 1

Cat Scratch Disease

Question 2

Flaviviridae; virus; normal host = birds; mosquitos can remain infected with arboviruses and pass along to offspring via eggs; can be transmitted person to person via blood transfusion and transplanted organs; animals can get arboviruses too; signs and symptoms resembling meningitis in addition to confusion, disorientation, and coma

Answer 2

West Nile Arboviral Enchephalitis

Question 3

Plasmodium faciparum, vivax, ovale, malarie; protozoa; carried between people via Anopheles mosquitos; reproductive cycle occurs within RBC’s; a special protein injects a toxin into host cells; adhesins enable infected RBC to attach to body tissues (ex. brain); secretions from liver directly into blood, avoiding immune cells; trigger changes in human body chemistry that allows anophele mosquitos to detect that it is ready to be “picked up”; jaundice, severe recurrent fever/chills, headache, vomiting, diarrhea; some strains are becoming resistant to drugs; people with these genetic traits are resistant to the disease: Sickle-cell, Hemoglobin C, genetic deficiancy of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, or lack of Duffy antigen on RBC’s; aka black water fever (P. falciparum and P. malarie from ruptured blood vessels that cause urine to look black)

Answer 3

Malaria

Question 4

Blastomyces dematitis; fungus; flu-like symptoms; 60-70% of cases develop cutaneous blastomycosis (painless lesions on face/upper body; 30% of cases develop pus-filled lesions; normally grows in cool, damp, rich soil of organic material; assumes a yeast form in the higher human body temp; inhalation of spores infects the lungs; high mortality among immunocompromised patients

Answer 4

Blastomycosis

Question 5

Rubulavirus; virus; infects largest salivary glands; enter mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract, invades blood; parotitis (inflammation of salivary gland), face pain, fever, sore throat, some can be asymptomatic; common in unvaccinated children between 2-12; transmitted via fomites or contaminated saliva

Answer 5

Mumps

Question 6

Leptospira interrogans; bacteria; zoonosis; enters through breaks in the skin when contacted with contaminated urine; abrupt fever, myalgia, muscle stiffness, headache; grows asymptomtic in kidney tubules; can survive in streams, rivers, and lakes;

Answer 6

Leptospirosis