CPA #6 Questions

Question 1

what are the 4 processes of life?

start with: g, r, r, m

Answer 1

1. growth
2. reproduction
3. responsiveness
4. metabolism

Question 2

define: growth

Answer 2

living things can increase in size

Question 3

define: reproduction

Answer 3

producing more organisms that are organized like themselves; increasing in number

Question 4

define: responsiveness

Answer 4

the ability to change themselves in reaction to the changing conditions around or within them

Question 5

define: metabolism

Answer 5

ability of organisms to take nutrients from outside themselves and use the nutrients to create energy and structures needed for growth, reproduction, and responsiveness

Question 6

why aren’t viruses classified as living?

Answer 6

ON THEIR OWN growth does not occur; do not reproduce, they replicate; use the HOST cell’s metabolism

Question 7

define: prokaryote

name the 2 types

Answer 7

no nucleus; can read their DNA code and simultaneously make proteins

ex: bacteria & archaea

Question 8

define: eukaryote

Answer 8

have nucleus; contain other internal membranes that compartmentalize cellular functions

ex: animalia

Question 9

define: glycocalyx

Answer 9

gelatinous, sticky substance that surrounds the outside of some cells; composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides,, or both; capsules, slime layers, biofilms

Question 10

what is the function of a glycocalyx?

Answer 10

protect cells from drying/desiccating; play a role in the ability of pathogens to survive and cause disease

Question 11

define: capsule

Answer 11

glycocalyx composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cells surface

Question 12

define: slime layer

Answer 12

a loose, water-soluble glycocalyx; allow for biofilms

Question 13

define: biofilm

Answer 13

cluster of many bacteria living together on a surface

Question 14

what is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 14

provide structure/shape; protect from osmotic forces; assists in attachment;

Question 15

what are the two types of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 15

gram-positive and gram-negative

Question 16

which type of cell wall contains thick peptidoglycan and teichoic acid?

Answer 16

gram-positive

Question 17

do all bacteria have a cell wall?

provide an example

Answer 17

no; ex. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 18

what are the functions of a cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 18

separate contents of cell from outside enviro.; controls the passage of substances in/out of cell; harvests light energy in photosynthetic bacteria

Question 19

define: selectively permeable

Answer 19

allows some substances to cross while preventing others from crossing

Question 20

define: ribosome

Answer 20

synthesize proteins; give cytoplasm a grainy appearance; the size of a ribosome is expressed in Svedbergs (S) and determined by sedimentation rate

Question 21

what size are prokaryotic ribosomes?

what are the subunits?

Answer 21

70S

two subunits 30S + 50S

Question 22

what size are eukaryotic ribosomes?

what are the subunits?

Answer 22

80S

two subunits 40S + 60S

Question 23

why is ribosome size important when treating a patient?

Answer 23

many antibacterial drugs work on 70S (prokaryotic; two subunits 30S + 50S) without effecting 80S ribosomes (eukaryotic; two subunits 40S + 60S); stopping protein synthesis of the 70S without effecting protein synthesis of 80S

Question 24

which eukaryotes have cell walls?

Answer 24

fungi, algae, plants, some protozoa

Question 25

which eukaryotes have flagella?

Answer 25

protozoa, animals, plants, algae

Question 26

which areas of the respiratory system are axenic?

list 7

Answer 26

lower respiratory system; larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

Question 27

which areas of the respiratory system contain microbes?

name 4

Answer 27

upper respiratory; nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

Question 28

how do normal microbes of the respiratory system help the body?

Answer 28

limits infection/disease by removing nutrients and releasing substances that inhibit the growth of pathogens