Crossword CPA #16

Question 1

process of blood cell formation

Answer 1

hematopoiesis

Question 2

55% of blood; mostly water with some ions, gases, nutrients, proteins, and clotting factors

Answer 2

plasma

Question 3

areas where bacteria do not grow on agar

Answer 3

zone of inhibition

Question 4

a test that is a combination of a MIC and diffusion susceptibility test

Answer 4

Etest

Question 5

the ability of a microbe to survive similar drug exposures in the future

Answer 5

cross resistance

Question 6

when taking a second drug helps the first drug work better against a microbe than if the first drug was taken by itself

Answer 6

synergism

Question 7

a test to measure the minimal amount of a drug to inhibit microbial growth

Answer 7

MIC

Question 8

agranulocyte found in high numbers during viral infection

Answer 8

lymphocytes

Question 9

granulocyte that secretes histamine to increase inflammation; cannot phagocytize

Answer 9

basophils

Question 10

agranulocyte that matures into macrophages

Answer 10

monocytes

Question 11

cell that can phagocytose foreign invaders; found in several locations of the body including in the epidermis

Answer 11

dendritic

Question 12

granulocyte that can phagocytose but prefers to secrete antimicrobial chemicals; found in high numbers during helminth infections and allergic reactions; can eject mitochondrial DNA to kill bacteria

Answer 12

eosinophil

Question 13

damaged in smokers; physically removes microbes

Answer 13

ciliary escalator

Question 14

a test to measure the smallest amount of drug to kill a microbe

Answer 14

MBC

Question 15

includes monocytes and lymphocytes

Answer 15

agranulocytes

Question 16

aka antimicrobial peptides; peptides that defend against pathogen infection

Answer 16

defensins

Question 17

this is why humans can’t contract most of the diseases that infect plants, animals, etc.

Answer 17

species resistance

Question 18

when normal microbiota consume nutrients and change local pH to be unfavorable to other microbes; also produce vitamins

Answer 18

microbial antagonism

Question 20

Produces and drains tears

Answer 20

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 21

Includes basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils

Answer 21

Granulocytes

Question 22

Line the respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts; part of the first line of defense

Answer 22

Mucous membranes

Question 23

Aka RBCs; transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 23

Erythrocytes

Question 24

Process by which WBC (such as neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) can slip through blood vessels to get to site of infection

Answer 24

Diapedesis

Question 25

Location of blood cell formation

Answer 25

Bone marrow

Question 26

Aka third line of defense; response to subsequent infection by identical microbe; specific

Answer 26

Adaptive immunity

Question 27

Aka WBC; help with immunity

Answer 27

Leukocytes

Question 28

Secreted by the body; dehydrates microbes and contains lysosomes

Answer 28

Sweat

Question 29

Cells in the mucous membrane of respiratory system that secrete sticky mucous to trap bacteria

Answer 29

Goblet cells

Question 30

Secreted by body; maintains skin pH of 5
Keeps skin pliable

Answer 30

Sebum

Question 31

Aka first two lines of defense; present at birth; non-specific

Answer 31

Innate immunity

Question 32

Enzyme that destroys bacteria cell walls; secreted by several components of the first line of defense

Answer 32

Lysozyme

Question 33

Part of the first line of defense; outermost physical barrier that is continually replaced and contains phagocytic dendritic cells

Answer 33

Epidermis

Question 34

Pieces of the megakaryocytes; help with blood clotting

Answer 34

Platelets

Question 35

Part of the first line of defense; includes collagen, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands

Answer 35

Dermis

Question 36

45% of blood; include erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes

Answer 36

Formed elements

Question 37

The amount of drug a patient can tolerate and the drug still be effective

Answer 37

Therapeutic range

Question 38

Granulocyte that can phagocytoses; found in high numbers during bacteria and fungi infections; can commit cell suicide to form NETs to trap bacteria with thei nuclear DNA

Answer 38

Neutrophils