Diseases CPA 7

Question 1

Staphylococcus aureus; bacteria; reddened wrinkling of skin, typically beginning near the mouth; spreads over the entire body; large fluid filled blisters; skin peels off in sheets; caused by exfoliative toxins; toxemia - blood carries to whole body; primarily affects infants, but can affect elderly and immunosuppressed people; transmission via person-to-person onto skin surfaces where it goes through cuts; mortality is rare

Answer 1

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Question 2

Human poxvirus(orthopoxvirus); DNA virus; lesions that progress through stages; macules, papules, vesicles, pustules; penetrate dermis, create scars, fever; infection of the eye may induce blindness; transmission via close contact - through inhaled droplets or crust; no naturally occurring smallpox, but possible with a bioterrorism attack

Answer 2

Smallpox

Question 3

Poliovirus; ssRNA virus; asymptomatic infections = 90%; minor polio =nonspecific symptoms (5%); nonparalytic polio = invades meninges and CNS producing muscle spasms and back pain (2%); paralytic polio = viral invasion of cells of the spinal cord and portion of cerebrum that controls skeletal muscles, producing paralysis (less than 2%); postpolio syndrome = crippling deterioration of affected muscles; transmitted via contaminated water;

Answer 3

Poliomyelitis

Question 4

Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; bacteria; transmitted by ticks (biological vector); flu like symptoms; leukopenia, thrombocytopenia; fine pinhead rash; emerging disease, more reported cases now than 1980’s; E. chaffeensis = target monocytes; A. phagocytophilum =target neutrophils

Answer 4

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

Question 5

Toxoplasma gondii; protozoa; ingestion of meat or inhalation of contaminated soil/cat litter; cats are main host; common in AIDS patients; unborn children are at risk, prefer female fetus; can cause paralysis, myocarditis, death; most cases are asymptomatic and may resolve spontaneously within a few months to a year; one of the most widely distributed protozoan diseases

Answer 5

Toxoplasmosis

Question 6

Pneumocystis jirovecci; fungus; part of normal rerspiratory biome; inhalation of droplet nuclei; diagnostic for AIDS; difficulty breathing, mild anemia, hypoxia, fever; non-productive cough; rarely - extrapulmonary lesions in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow; death can occur; does not respond to antifungal drugs

Answer 6

Pneumocystis Pneumonia