Diseases CPA 12

Question 1

Bacillus anthracis; bacteria; localized itching, raised lesion, black, painless eschar; most severe form is respiratory - resembles common cold or flu, progress to more severe symptoms, including shock and death; inside the body it forms a protective capsule of glutamic acid that prevent phagocytosis; transmitted from infected animals via contact or inhalation of spores from dust or animal hides/wool; most commonly infected people are animal handlers; vaccine

Answer 1

anthrax

Question 2

cytomegalovirus; dsDNA virus; most are asymptomatic; fetuses, newborns, and immunodeficient patients are more susceptible to complications; teratogenic (birth defects); infects stem cells; mental retardation, hearing/visual damage, death; typically infects early in life, but remains latent until patient becomes immunocompromised; crosses across placenta, sexually transmitted via bodily secretions, but not highly contagious (requires large exchange of secretions)

Answer 2

cytomegalovirus disease

Question 3

Picornavirus (common cold; upper respiratory) Orthomoxyvirus (influenza; lower respiratory); ssRNA virus; fever only occurs if there is a secondary bacterial infection; cold symptoms usually last a week; virus reproduce most effectively at 33C; extremely infective; accumulate immunity to serotypes of the virus; spread via aerosols on fomites that infect mucous membranes of nasal cavity

Answer 3

common cold and inlfuenza

Question 4

histoplasma capsulatum; fungus; typically asymptomatic, subclinical, and resolves without damage; 5% develop clinical symptoms (severe coughing with blood tinged sputum and skin lesions); found in moist soil with high nitrogen levels (droppings of bats/birds); fungus becomes pathogenic at human body temp (37C); produces proteins that prevent full activation of macrophages; infect via inhalation of spores from disturbed soil when spores are airborne

Answer 4

histoplasmosis

Question 5

heptovirus hepatitis A virus; orthohepadnavirus hepatitis B virus; hepacivirus hepatitis c virus, deltavirus hepatitis delta virus; hepevirus hepatitis E virus; Hep C virus is sexually transmitted and contaminated needles; Hep E associated with fecal contaminated water (& in hot climates)

Answer 5

viral hepatitis

Question 6

neisseria gonorrhoeae; bacterium; enter through mucous membrane of genitalia; sexually transmitted; women = asymptomatic; men = painful urination and pus-filled discharge; “flow of seed”, “the clap”

Answer 6

gonorrhea