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Physiology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Ability to BEND light

A

Refractive Power

measured in DIOPTERS

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2
Q

FIXED refractive power

A

CORNEA

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3
Q

VARIABLE refractive power

A

LENS

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4
Q

Focus FAR objects

A

ciliary muscle: RELAXED
suspensory ligaments: TENSED/TAUT
lens: FLAT

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5
Q

Focus NEAR objects (accommodation)
PARAsympathetic
CN III

A

ciliary muscle: CONTRACTED
suspensory ligaments: RELAXED (decreased tension)
lens: SPHERICAL

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6
Q

“Long Eyeball”: light rays converge IN FRONT of the retina

A

MYOPIA (nearsightedness)

BICONCAVE

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7
Q

“Short Eyeball”: light rays converge BEHIND the retina

A

HYPEROPIA (farsightedness)

CONVEX LENS

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8
Q

IRREGULAR/NON UNIFORM CURVATURE OF THE CORNEA: multiple convergences of light in the retina

A

ASTIGMATISM

CYLINDRICAL LENS

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9
Q

Age related loss of accommodation (>40 y/o)

Presents d.t. inability to contract (ciliary body)

A

PRESBYOPIA

CONVEX LENS (if initially with 20/20 vision)

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10
Q

Absorb stray light (PREVENTS LIGHT SCATTERING)

Converts 11-cis retinal to all trans retinal

Involved in MACULAR DEGENERATION, RETINAL DETACHMENT and ALBINISM

A

Pigment Epithelial cells

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11
Q

SENSITIVE to LOW INTENSITY LIGHT (NIGHT VISION)

high concentration in PARAFOVEAL region

A

RODS

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12
Q

SENSITIVE to HIGH INTENSITY LIGHT (DAY,COLOR VISION)

present in FOVEA CENTRALIS (area of most acute vision)

A

CONES

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13
Q

INTERNEURON b/w receptor cells (rods, cones) and ganglion cells

CONTRAST DETECTORS

A

Bipolar cells

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14
Q

Interneurons

Form local circuits w/ bipolar cells

A

Amacrine, Horizontal cells

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15
Q

Maintains INTERNAL GEOMETRY of the retina

A

Muller cells

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16
Q

OUTPUT cell of the retina

Axons form OPTICC NERVE

A

GANGLION cells

P cells: color, form, fine details

M cells: illumination, movement

W cells: unknown function

17
Q

Lesion in the optic nerve

A

Total loss of vision in the affected eye

18
Q

Lesion in the optic chiasm (midline)

A

heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia

19
Q

Lesion in the optic tract

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

20
Q

Lesion in the temporal lobe (Meyers loop)

A

superior left homonymous quadrantonopia (pie in the sky)

21
Q

Lesion in the parietal lobe (right)

A

inferior left homonymous quadrantonopia (pie in the floor disorder)

22
Q

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing involve

A

CALCRINE FISSURE

23
Q

Cutting which structure causes total blindness in the left eye

A

Optic nerve

24
Q

Cutting which structure causes blindness in the temporal fields of the left and right eyes

A

Optic chiasm

25
Q

Cutting which structure on the right side causes blindness in the temporal field of the left eye and the nasal field of the right eye

A

Optic tract

26
Q

Area in the retina with no light sensitive rods or cones

No image detection

Where the ganglion cells axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve

A

Optic Dic (Blind spot)

27
Q

3 cells types in the visual cortex that detect shape and orientation of figures

A

Simple cells
Complex cells
Hypercomplex

28
Q

Have center surround and on-off patterns, elongated rods

Respond to BARS OF LIGHT with correct position and orientation

A

Simple cells

29
Q

Respond to MOVING BARS or EDGES of LIGHT

A

Complex cells

30
Q

Respond to LINES with PARTICULAR LENGTH and to CURVES/ANGLES

A

Hypercomplex

31
Q

Have center surround and on-off patterns

Respond to BARS OF LIGHT with correct position and orientation

A

Simple Cells

32
Q

Respond to MOVING BARS or EDGES OF LIGHT

A

Complex Cells

33
Q

Respond to LINES with PARTICULAR LENGTH and to CURVES/ANGLES

A

Hypercomplex

34
Q

Location of Blind Spot

A

12-15 degrees temporally

1.5 degrees below horizontal meridian

Physiology (98 decks)

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