Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Tissue MACROPHAGE that act as scavenger cells, REMOVING DEBRIS resulting from injury, infection and disease (i.e. multiple sclerosis, AIDS related dementia, Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease)

Answer 1

Microglia

Question 2

MACROGLIA that forms MYELIN in the CNS and PNS

Answer 2

CNS - Oligodendrocytes

PNS - Schwann Cells

Question 3

MACROGLIA that send processes that ENVELOP SYNAPSES and the surface of nerve cells and helps FORM BBB

Answer 3

Astrocytes

Question 4

Astrocytes in WHITE MATTER

Answer 4

Fibrous Astrocytes

Question 5

Astrocytes in GRAY MATTER

(+) granular cytoplasm

produce substances that are tropic to neurons and help maintain appropriate concentration of ions and NTs by taking up K and the NT Glutamate and GABA

Answer 5

Protoplasmic Astrocytes

Question 6

Part of the neuron where neurotransmitters are found

Answer 6

DENDRITES

Question 7

Part where ORGANELLES and NUCLEUS are found

Answer 7

Cell body (Soma)

Question 8

Part where action potential starts

Answer 8

Initial Segment (Axon Hillock)

Question 9

Transmitting portion

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

Unmyelinated portion

Saltatory conduction

Answer 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

Branches of the axon

Answer 11

Neural Fibrils

Question 12

Distal tips of the axon

Answer 12

Terminal Boutons (End-Feet)

Question 13

Stimulated by action potential

Triggers release of NT into the synapse

Answer 13

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels (VGCC)

Question 14

Autoimmune disease marked by auto antibodies against these voltage gated calcium channels –> PREVENTS ACETYLCHOLINE FROM BEING RELEASE to the NMJ

Answer 14

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)

Question 15

Autoimmune disease directed against the components of myelin sheath

Answer 15

Multiple Sclerosis

Brain MRI and CSF analysis: (+) oligoclonal bands

associated w/ HLA-DR2

paraparesis (weakness in LE)
paresthesia
optic neuritis (blurred vision, change in color perception, central scotoma, pain in eye movements)

Question 16

Type of MS - Transient episodes lasting weeks or months that recur

Answer 16

Relapsing-remitting MS

Question 17

Type of MS - No periods of remission

Answer 17

Primary-progressive MS

Question 18

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 18

ORTHODROMIC (synapse to axon)

Question 19

One to One synapses

Answer 19

one neuron, one post synaptic element (i.e. NMJ)

Question 20

Many to One synapses

Answer 20

many neurons, one post synaptic element (i.e. spinal motor neurons)

Question 21

Depolarizes postsynaptic cell, brings it closer to threshold

Answer 21

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs)

d.t. Na influx

Question 22

Hyperpolarizes postsynaptic cell

Answer 22

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials (IPSPs)

d.t. Cl influx

Question 23

2 or more excitatory inputs at the same time (A + B + C)

Answer 23

Spatial Summation

Question 24

2 or more excitatory inputs at rapid succession (A…A…A)

Answer 24

Temporal Summation

Question 25

Brings cell closer to threshold

Answer 25

Facilitation/Augmentation/Postetanic Stimulation