Insulin Flashcards
Pancreatic (alpha/beta) cells synthesize and secrete insulin.
beta
In insulin synthesis, the cleavage of proinsulin yields insulin and .
C peptide
The insulin receptor is a receptor, which allow for glucose uptake into cells.
Tyrosine kinase
Insulin (increases/decreases) the amount of amino acids in the blood by increasing tissue uptake of amino acid and protein.
DECREASES
Insulin decreases fatty acid breakdown, which (activates/inhibits) ketoacid formation in the liver due to the low levels of acetyl CoA.
INHIBITS
When a high carbohydrate meal is consumed, limits the increase in blood glucose after ingestion by stimulating glucose transport and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.
INSULIN
_______ stimulates storage of excess nutrients when not needed by the body, such as glycogen in the liver, fat in adipose tissue, and protein in the muscle.
INSULIN
An influx of (ion) into pancreatic beta cells stimulates them to release insulin through exocytosis.
CALCIUM
is a glucose transporter that is insulin-dependent and is located in adipose tissue and striated muscle.
GLUT 4
Elevated levels of stimulate the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
GLUCOSE
Factors that INCREASE insulin secretion
INCREASE blood glucose INCREASE A.A. (arginine, lysine, leucine) INCREASE F.A. Glucagon GIP Ach
Factors that DECREASE insulin secretion
DECREASE blood glucose
Somatostatin
NE, Epi
ACTIONS of INSULIN
decreased blood glucose concentration
- increase uptake of glucose
- promotes formation of glycogen
- decreased gluconeogenesis
decreased blood FA and ketoacid concentration
- stimulates fat deposition and inhibits lipolysis
- inhibits ketoacid formation
decreased blood A.A. concentration
- stimulates A.A. uptake into cells
- increases protein synthesis
- inhbits protein degradation
decreased blood K concetrations
