Control of Breathing

Question 1

MAIN respiratory center
BASIC RHYTHM for BREATHING
for normal/resting inspiration

INPUT: CN IX (peripheral chemoreceptors and lung mechanoreceptors) and CN X (peripheral chemoreceptors and lung mechanoreceptors)

OUTPUT: phrenic nerve –> diaphragm

Answer 1

Dorsal Respiratory Group

Question 2

Supplements effect of DRG during exercise

For FORCED inspiration and expiration (overdrive mechanism)

Answer 2

Ventral Respiratory Group

VRG Pre-Botzinger Complex - pacemaker neurons responsible for respiratory rhythmogenesis

Question 3

UPPER pons - location

SHORTENS time for INSPIRATION – INCREASE RR

Answer 3

Pneumotaxic Center

Question 4

LOWER pons - location
PROLONGS time for INSPIRATION – DECREASE RR
Causes DEEP and PROLONGED INSPIRATORY gasp (APNEUSIS)

Answer 4

Apneustic Center

Question 5

Located in SMOOTH MUSCLE of the AIRWAYS

Stimulated by DISTENTION of LUNGS –> reflex decrease in breathing frequency (HERING-BREUER REFLEX)

Answer 5

Lung Stretch Receptors

Question 6

Located b/w AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS

Stimulated by NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES (dust, pollen)

Answer 6

Irritant Receptors

Question 7

Located in the ALVEOLAR WALLS close to capillaries

Stimulation –> RAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING

Answer 7

J (juxtacapillary) Receptors

Question 8

Activated during MOVEMENT of the LIMBS

Answer 8

Joint and Muscle Receptors