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Physiology > Bile Secretion and Enterohepatic Circulation > Flashcards

Bile Secretion and Enterohepatic Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is cholesterol .

A

7 alpha hydroxylase

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2
Q

When duodenal pressure is (low/high) , bile is ejected from the gallbladder.

A

LOW

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3
Q

Biliverdin is converted to the yellow-colored compound .

A

Bilirubin

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4
Q

_________ and ductal cells produce bile continuously.

A

Hepatocytes

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5
Q

Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated to become , namely, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid.

A

Secondary Bile Acids

  • DEOXYCHOLIC
  • LITHOCOLIC
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6
Q

Bile salts are , meaning they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

A

Ampipathic

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7
Q

Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated at the seventh carbon by intestinal .

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

After conjugation in the (organ) , bile acids are transformed into bile salts.

A

Liver

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9
Q

The first role of bile salts is to lipids so that there is increased surface area around the fat droplets.

A

Emulsify

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10
Q

The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (stimulates/inhibits) the contraction of the gallbladder.

A

Stimulates

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11
Q

A portion of conjugated made by hepatocytes is excreted in urine.

A

Bilirubin

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12
Q

At duodenal acidity, bile salts are in their (ionized/non-ionized) form, making them soluble in water.

A

Ionized

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13
Q

One of the byproducts of hemoglobin degradation is the green-colored compound .

A

Biliverdin

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14
Q

The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (contracts/relaxes) the sphincter of Oddi.

A

Relaxes

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15
Q

The choleretic effect is when the recirculation of bile salts to the liver (stimulates/inhibits) biliary secretion.

A

Stimulates

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16
Q

A portion of urobilinogen in the intestine is converted to urobilin and , which gives stool its dark hue.

A

Stercobilin

17
Q

Because newborns do not produce transferase right away, some develop newborn jaundice.

A

UDP glucoronyl transferase

18
Q

The recirculation of bile salts (decreases/increases) the need for new synthesis in the liver.

A

Decreases

19
Q

Conjugated bilirubin is water (insoluble/soluble)

A

Soluble

20
Q

Hepatocytes produce the (primary/secondary) bile acids: cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

A

PRIMARY

  • CHOLIC ACID
  • CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
21
Q

The (organ) concentrates bile by absorbing water and ions.

A

Gallbladder

22
Q

Lithocholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.

A

LOWEST

23
Q

Bile salts form around the products of lipid digestion.

A

Micelles

24
Q

The major organic component in bile is bile .

A

Bile salts

25
Q

Bile is ejected from the gallbladder (continuously/discontinuously) .

A

Discontinuosly

26
Q

The liver conjugates bile acids to bile salts with the amino acids taurine or .

A

Taurine

Glycine

27
Q

Cholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.

A

HIGHEST

28
Q

Secretin (inhibits/stimulates) bicarbonate ion and water secretion by the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts.

A

Stimulates

29
Q

The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is (inhibited/stimulated) by the bile salts recycled from the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Inhibited

30
Q

The majority of bile salts are reabsorbed in the (duodenum/jejunum/ileum) .

A

ILEUM

31
Q

Primary bile acids are synthesized from (precursor molecule) .

A

CHOLESTEROL

32
Q

Conjugation makes bile acids more water (soluble/insoluble) .

A

Soluble

33
Q

Bilirubin is conjugated with acid in hepatic microsomes via the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferase.

A

Glucoronic acid

34
Q

Bile salts are recycled through sodium-bile salt cotransporters in the (part of small intestine)

A

ILEUM

35
Q

In the intestine, bilirubin is converted to _________ by the native bacteria

A

Urobilinogen

36
Q

the yellow colored product of hemoglobin metabolism that is the major pigment found in bile.

A

Bilirubin

37
Q

bile salts have more hydroxyl groups making them more effective at solubilizing lipids.

A

PRIMARY

38
Q

The liver conjugates and secretes it along with bile, giving it the yellow appearance.

A

BILIRUBIN

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