Bile Secretion and Enterohepatic Circulation Flashcards
The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is cholesterol .
7 alpha hydroxylase
When duodenal pressure is (low/high) , bile is ejected from the gallbladder.
LOW
Biliverdin is converted to the yellow-colored compound .
Bilirubin
_________ and ductal cells produce bile continuously.
Hepatocytes
Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated to become , namely, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid.
Secondary Bile Acids
- DEOXYCHOLIC
- LITHOCOLIC
Bile salts are , meaning they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.
Ampipathic
Primary bile acids are dehydroxylated at the seventh carbon by intestinal .
Bacteria
After conjugation in the (organ) , bile acids are transformed into bile salts.
Liver
The first role of bile salts is to lipids so that there is increased surface area around the fat droplets.
Emulsify
The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (stimulates/inhibits) the contraction of the gallbladder.
Stimulates
A portion of conjugated made by hepatocytes is excreted in urine.
Bilirubin
At duodenal acidity, bile salts are in their (ionized/non-ionized) form, making them soluble in water.
Ionized
One of the byproducts of hemoglobin degradation is the green-colored compound .
Biliverdin
The cholecystokinin that is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestine (contracts/relaxes) the sphincter of Oddi.
Relaxes
The choleretic effect is when the recirculation of bile salts to the liver (stimulates/inhibits) biliary secretion.
Stimulates
A portion of urobilinogen in the intestine is converted to urobilin and , which gives stool its dark hue.
Stercobilin
Because newborns do not produce transferase right away, some develop newborn jaundice.
UDP glucoronyl transferase
The recirculation of bile salts (decreases/increases) the need for new synthesis in the liver.
Decreases
Conjugated bilirubin is water (insoluble/soluble)
Soluble
Hepatocytes produce the (primary/secondary) bile acids: cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.
PRIMARY
- CHOLIC ACID
- CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
The (organ) concentrates bile by absorbing water and ions.
Gallbladder
Lithocholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.
LOWEST
Bile salts form around the products of lipid digestion.
Micelles
The major organic component in bile is bile .
Bile salts
Bile is ejected from the gallbladder (continuously/discontinuously) .
Discontinuosly
The liver conjugates bile acids to bile salts with the amino acids taurine or .
Taurine
Glycine
Cholic acid is the bile acid present in the (highest/lowest) concentration in the small intestine.
HIGHEST
Secretin (inhibits/stimulates) bicarbonate ion and water secretion by the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts.
Stimulates
The rate-limiting enzyme for the production of bile salts in the liver is (inhibited/stimulated) by the bile salts recycled from the gastrointestinal tract.
Inhibited
The majority of bile salts are reabsorbed in the (duodenum/jejunum/ileum) .
ILEUM
Primary bile acids are synthesized from (precursor molecule) .
CHOLESTEROL
Conjugation makes bile acids more water (soluble/insoluble) .
Soluble
Bilirubin is conjugated with acid in hepatic microsomes via the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferase.
Glucoronic acid
Bile salts are recycled through sodium-bile salt cotransporters in the (part of small intestine)
ILEUM
In the intestine, bilirubin is converted to _________ by the native bacteria
Urobilinogen
the yellow colored product of hemoglobin metabolism that is the major pigment found in bile.
Bilirubin
bile salts have more hydroxyl groups making them more effective at solubilizing lipids.
PRIMARY
The liver conjugates and secretes it along with bile, giving it the yellow appearance.
BILIRUBIN
