Renal Sodium and Water Regulation

Question 1

Opiates are a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion

Answer 1

STIMULATORY

Question 2

AHH is released by _______ of pituitary gland

Answer 2

POSTERIOR LOBE

Question 3

channels in the luminal membranes allow for increased water permeability of principal cells in the late distal tubule and collecting duct, thus creating hyperosmotic urine.

Answer 3

Aquaporin 2

Question 4

Nicotine is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 4

STIMULATORY

Question 5

The receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase by a Gs protein is the receptor for antidiuretic hormone on principal cells of the late distal tubule and collecting duct.

Answer 5

V2 (AVPR2)

Question 6

Atrial natriuretic peptide release is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 6

INHIBITORY

Question 7

Antineoplastic drugs are a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 7

STIMULATORY

Question 8

Ethanol is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 8

INHIBITORY

Question 9

Hypoglycemia is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 9

STIMULATORY

Question 10

The receptor for antidiuretic hormone on vascular smooth muscles is coupled to phospholipase C by a Gq protein.

Answer 10

V1

Question 11

Decreased extracellular fluid volume is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 11

STIMULATORY

Question 12

The main site of the kidney that antidiuretic hormone works on to increase water reabsorption is the principal cells of the .

Answer 12

Late Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Question 13

Increased pain is a (stimulatory/inhibitory) factor of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Answer 13

STIMULATORY

Question 14

The target tissues of antidiuretic hormone are (two) .

Answer 14

KIDNEYS

ARTERIOLES

Question 15

Antidiuretic hormone is synthesized in the paraventricular and nuclei of the hypothalamus.

Answer 15

PARAVENTRICULAR

SUPRAOPTIC

Question 16

The main function of hormone is to regulate body fluid osmolarity.

Answer 16

ADH (Vasopressin)

Question 17

When serum osmolarity is increased, the posterior pituitary secretes hormone

Answer 17

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 18

Step two in the countercurrent multiplication system is the flow of fluid from the proximal tubule into the of the loop of Henle.

Answer 18

Descending

Question 19

The size of the corticopapillary gradient is dependent on the (length/width) of the loop of Henle.

Answer 19

LENGTH

Question 20

The countercurrent multiplication system forms the corticopapillary osmotic gradient by (increasing/decreasing) sodium chloride deposits in the interstitial fluid of the deeper regions of the kidney.

Answer 20

INCREASING

Question 21

The single effect in countercurrent multiplication refers to the (reabsorption/excretion) of sodium chloride into interstitial fluid.

Answer 21

Reabsorption

Question 22

The osmolarity of the descending limb in the nephron is (equal/not equal) to the adjacent interstitial fluid.

Answer 22

EQUAL

Question 23

The osmolarity of the fluid in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle continuously (increases/decreases) .

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

The first step in the two-step process of building up a gradient through countercurrent multiplication is called the .

Answer 24

Single Effect

Question 25

The descending limb of the nephron is permeable to water, so water flows (into/out of) the descending limb.

Answer 25

OUT OF

Question 26

As tubular fluid flows down the collecting ducts, it is exposed to interstitial fluid with (higher/lower) osmolarity.

Answer 26

HIGHER

Question 27

Countercurrent multiplication is a function of the (part of nephron) .

Answer 27

Loop of Henle

Question 28

High/Low) osmolarity fluid is established in the descending limb of the loop of Henle during countercurrent multiplication.

Answer 28

HIGH