Renal Reabsorption and Secretion

Question 1

Para-aminohippuric acid is an organic acid that is filtered and secreted but not .

Answer 1

Reabsorbed

Question 2

The para-aminohippuric acid transporters in the proximal tubule cells are responsible for secretion of drugs like .

Answer 2

Penicillin

Question 3

Para-aminohippuric acid is the substance most commonly used to measure .

Answer 3

Renal Plasma Flow

Question 4

The para-aminohippuric acid transporters in the proximal tubule cells are inhibited by (medication) .

Answer 4

Probenecid

Question 5

The Na-glucose cotransporters in the nephron generally have a (high/low) affinity for glucose.

Answer 5

LOW

Question 6

Sodium-glucose cotransport is considered transport because ATP is used to directly energize the Na-K-ATPase and indirectly maintain the sodium gradient.

Answer 6

Secondary Active

Question 7

Glucose is transported into the peritubular capillary blood from the cell via (mechanism) through the GLUT1 and GLUT2 transporters.

Answer 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 8

Two sodium ions and one glucose molecule bind to the cotransporter protein in the nephron luminal membrane.

Answer 8

SGLT2

Question 9

Glucose carriers in the nephron are completely saturated and reabsorption levels are maximal at plasma concentrations above mg/dL.

Answer 9

375 mg/dL

Question 10

All of filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the nephron at concentrations less than mg/dL.

Answer 10

200 mg/dL

Question 11

Glucose reabsorption involves a cotransporter across the luminal membrane of the nephron.

Answer 11

Sodium-Glucose

Question 12

are the two proteins involved in facilitated diffusion of glucose into peritubular capillary blood.

Answer 12

GLUT 1 and GLUT 2

Question 13

is the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed before glucose transporters are saturated.

Reabsorptive rate at which the carriers are saturated

Answer 13

Transport Maximum

Question 14

When the filtered load of glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of the nephron then occurs.

Answer 14

Glucosuria

Question 15

are the two proteins involved in facilitated diffusion of glucose into peritubular capillary blood.

Answer 15

GLUT 1 and GLUT 2

Question 16

is the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed before glucose transporters are saturated.

Reabsorptive rate at which the carriers are saturated

Answer 16

Transport Maximum

Question 17

When the filtered load of glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of the nephron then occurs.

Answer 17

Glucosuria

Question 18

In the nephron, glucose is reabsorbed into the intracellular fluid (with/against) the electrochemical gradient.

Answer 18

against

Question 19

Filtered Load

Answer 19

Filtered Load = GFR x plasma

Question 20

Woman  w/ untreated DM 
GFR 120 mL/min
plasma conc - 400 mg/dL
urine glucose conc - 2500 mg/dL
urine flow rate - 4 mL/min

Reabsorption rate of glucose

Answer 20

Filtered load = 120 x 400 = 48000
Excretion rate - 2500 x 4 = 10000

Reabsorption rate = 48 000 - 10 000 = 38 000

380 mg/min

Question 21

Reabsorption Rate

Answer 21

Reabsorption Rate = Filtered Load - Excretion Rate

Question 22

Secretion Rate

Answer 22

Secretion Rate = Excretion Rate - Filtered Load

Question 23

In the kidneys, urea is (reabsorbed/secreted) in the collecting ducts.

Answer 23

Reabsorbed

Question 24

In the kidneys, urea is (reabsorbed/secreted) into the loop of henle.

Answer 24

SECRETED

Question 25

Urea allows the kidneys to create (hypoosmotic/hyperosmotic) urine in order to prevent too much fluid loss.

Answer 25

Hyperosmotic

Question 26

About percent of the urea filtered is normally found in the final urine.

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

Renal urea handling is regulated by

Answer 27

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)