Renal clearance, glomerular filtration and renal blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is either not filtered or is filtered but REABSORBED

A

LESS THAN

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2
Q

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is a glomerular marker - filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

A

EQUAL

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3
Q

The renal clearance of any substance can be compared with the clearance of , a substance that is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

A

Inulin

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4
Q

The renal clearance ratio is calculated by dividing the clearance of substance X by the clearance of .

A

Inulin

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5
Q

Na+, Cl-, phosphate, glucose, and albumin have

renal clearance ratios (greater than, less than, equal to) less than one.

A

LESS THAN

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6
Q

Intracellular osmolarity is (greater than, less than, equal to) to extracellular osmolarity in the steady state.

A

EQUAL

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7
Q

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is both filtered and secreted.

A

GREATER THAN

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8
Q

The body undergoes numerous physiological changes during pregnancy Which of the following statements does NOT describe one of these changes?

A

Decreased glomerular filtration rate

Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increase by about 50% in pregnancy leading to decreased BUN and creatinine on laboratory examination.

Major Takeaway:
Physiologic changes of pregnancy
occur as the mother’s body adapts to support the growing fetus. These include cardiovascular, respiratory, renal , immunologic, and endocrine adaptations.

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9
Q

The glomerular capillary barrier has (positively/negatively) charged glycoproteins on all layers of the filtration barrier.

A

NEGATIVELY

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10
Q

Between podocyte foot processes are small which are an important filtration barrier.

A

Filtration slits

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11
Q

(Negatively/Positively) charged solutes will be less readily filtered at the glomerular capillary barrier because of the net glycoprotein charge.

A

Negatively

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12
Q

Loss of negative charges on the glomerular capillary barrier, as seen in some diseases, will result in (increased/decreased) filtration of plasma proteins.

A

INCREASED

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13
Q

The cell layer of the glomerular filtration barrier contains relatively large pores; though they are small enough to prevent filtration of blood cells.

A

Endothelial

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14
Q

(Large/Small) solutes are more readily filtered across the glomerular capillary barrier.

A

Small

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15
Q

The glomerular filtration barrier has (number) layers.

A

3

endothelium
basement membrane
epithelium

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16
Q

The most significant barrier of filtration of plasma proteins in the glomerular capillary is the .

A

Basement membrane

17
Q

The concentration of para-aminohippuric acid in the renal vein is assumed to be .

A

0

18
Q

is an organic acid used to estimate renal plasma flow.

A

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

19
Q

Effective renal plasma flow often (overestimates/underestimates) true renal plasma flow by around 10%.

A

Underestimates

20
Q

Effective renal plasma flow equals the clearance of .

A

PAH

21
Q

The principle, applied to the kidney, states that the amount of a substance entering the kidney through the renal artery equals the amount leaving the kidney via the renal vein and urine.

A

Fick Principle

22
Q

The concentration of para-aminohippuric acid in peripheral veins is (more than, less than, equal to) the concentration in the renal artery.

A

EQUAL

23
Q

Renal blood flow equals divided by (1 minus the hematocrit).

A

Renal Plasma Flow

24
Q

Almost all of para-aminohippuric acid is (reabsorbed/secreted/excreted) .

A

Excreted

25
Q

The estimated renal plasma flow divided by 1 minus the hematocrit is the equation for .

A

Renal Blood Flow

26
Q

Prostaglandin E2 and I2 are produced by the
kidneys and cause (vasodilation/constriction) vasodilation of efferent and afferent
arterioles
.

A

VASODILATION

27
Q

There are more alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on (afferent/efferent) arterioles of the kidney.

A

afferent arterioles

28
Q

There are more alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on (afferent/efferent) arterioles of the kidney.

A

Afferent arterioles

29
Q

(Afferent/Efferent) arterioles of the kidney are more sensitive to angiotensin II.

A

Efferent arterioles

30
Q

levels of angiotensin II produce a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow.

A

HIGH

31
Q

Activation of sympathetic nerve

fibers to the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidney cause (vasoconstriction/vasorelaxation)

A

Vasoconstriction

32
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide overall causes a(n) (increase/decrease) in renal blood flow.

A

INCREASE