Renal clearance, glomerular filtration and renal blood flow

Question 1

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is either not filtered or is filtered but REABSORBED

Answer 1

LESS THAN

Question 2

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is a glomerular marker - filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Answer 2

EQUAL

Question 3

The renal clearance of any substance can be compared with the clearance of , a substance that is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Answer 3

Inulin

Question 4

The renal clearance ratio is calculated by dividing the clearance of substance X by the clearance of .

Answer 4

Inulin

Question 5

Na+, Cl-, phosphate, glucose, and albumin have

renal clearance ratios (greater than, less than, equal to) less than one.

Answer 5

LESS THAN

Question 6

Intracellular osmolarity is (greater than, less than, equal to) to extracellular osmolarity in the steady state.

Answer 6

EQUAL

Question 7

A renal clearance ratio (greater than, less than, equal to) one describes a substance that is both filtered and secreted.

Answer 7

GREATER THAN

Question 8

The body undergoes numerous physiological changes during pregnancy Which of the following statements does NOT describe one of these changes?

Answer 8

Decreased glomerular filtration rate

Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increase by about 50% in pregnancy leading to decreased BUN and creatinine on laboratory examination.

Major Takeaway:
Physiologic changes of pregnancy
occur as the mother’s body adapts to support the growing fetus. These include cardiovascular, respiratory, renal , immunologic, and endocrine adaptations.

Question 9

The glomerular capillary barrier has (positively/negatively) charged glycoproteins on all layers of the filtration barrier.

Answer 9

NEGATIVELY

Question 10

Between podocyte foot processes are small which are an important filtration barrier.

Answer 10

Filtration slits

Question 11

(Negatively/Positively) charged solutes will be less readily filtered at the glomerular capillary barrier because of the net glycoprotein charge.

Answer 11

Negatively

Question 12

Loss of negative charges on the glomerular capillary barrier, as seen in some diseases, will result in (increased/decreased) filtration of plasma proteins.

Answer 12

INCREASED

Question 13

The cell layer of the glomerular filtration barrier contains relatively large pores; though they are small enough to prevent filtration of blood cells.

Answer 13

Endothelial

Question 14

(Large/Small) solutes are more readily filtered across the glomerular capillary barrier.

Answer 14

Small

Question 15

The glomerular filtration barrier has (number) layers.

Answer 15

3

endothelium
basement membrane
epithelium

Question 16

The most significant barrier of filtration of plasma proteins in the glomerular capillary is the .

Answer 16

Basement membrane

Question 17

The concentration of para-aminohippuric acid in the renal vein is assumed to be .

Answer 17

0

Question 18

is an organic acid used to estimate renal plasma flow.

Answer 18

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

Question 19

Effective renal plasma flow often (overestimates/underestimates) true renal plasma flow by around 10%.

Answer 19

Underestimates

Question 20

Effective renal plasma flow equals the clearance of .

Answer 20

PAH

Question 21

The principle, applied to the kidney, states that the amount of a substance entering the kidney through the renal artery equals the amount leaving the kidney via the renal vein and urine.

Answer 21

Fick Principle

Question 22

The concentration of para-aminohippuric acid in peripheral veins is (more than, less than, equal to) the concentration in the renal artery.

Answer 22

EQUAL

Question 23

Renal blood flow equals divided by (1 minus the hematocrit).

Answer 23

Renal Plasma Flow

Question 24

Almost all of para-aminohippuric acid is (reabsorbed/secreted/excreted) .

Answer 24

Excreted

Question 25

The estimated renal plasma flow divided by 1 minus the hematocrit is the equation for .

Answer 25

Renal Blood Flow

Question 26

Prostaglandin E2 and I2 are produced by the
kidneys and cause (vasodilation/constriction) vasodilation of efferent and afferent
arterioles
.

Answer 26

VASODILATION

Question 27

There are more alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on (afferent/efferent) arterioles of the kidney.

Answer 27

afferent arterioles

Question 28

There are more alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on (afferent/efferent) arterioles of the kidney.

Answer 28

Afferent arterioles

Question 29

(Afferent/Efferent) arterioles of the kidney are more sensitive to angiotensin II.

Answer 29

Efferent arterioles

Question 30

levels of angiotensin II produce a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow.

Answer 30

HIGH

Question 31

Activation of sympathetic nerve

fibers to the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidney cause (vasoconstriction/vasorelaxation)

Answer 31

Vasoconstriction

Question 32

Atrial natriuretic peptide overall causes a(n) (increase/decrease) in renal blood flow.

Answer 32

INCREASE