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Physiology > Renal tubular physiology > Flashcards

Renal tubular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Site of GLOMERULOTUBULAR BALANCE

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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2
Q

The result of solute reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is a net (positive/negative) charge in the lumen.

A

Negative

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3
Q

is defined as the ability of each successive segment of the proximal tubule to reabsorb a constant fraction of glomerular filtrate and solutes delivered to it.

A

Glomerulotubular Balance

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4
Q

In contrast to the early proximal convoluted tubule, the late proximal tubule mostly reabsorbs .

A

NaCl

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5
Q

The tubule in the nephron reabsorbs around 67% of the filtered sodium and water.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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6
Q

Glucose, amino acids, phosphate, lactate, and citrate are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule with (ion) as the cotransport ion.

A

Sodium

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7
Q

With or without the presence of aldosterone, the area of the nephron that always reabsorbs the (most/least) amount of sodium is the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

MOST

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8
Q

The one countertransport mechanism in the early proximal tubule is the antiporter in the luminal membrane.

A

Na H antiporter

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9
Q

The major Starling force driving reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is the high of peritubular capillary blood.

A

Oncotic pressure

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10
Q

The most essential solutes including glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed along with sodium in the (early/late) proximal convoluted tubule.

A

EARLY PCT

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11
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule causes net reabsorption of (H+/HCO3-) .

A

HCO3

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12
Q

Glucose is transported into the peritubular capillary blood from the cell via (mechanism) through the GLUT1 and GLUT2 transporters.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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13
Q

Typically, % of filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

85%

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14
Q

The ion concentration is high in the fluid entering the late proximal convoluted tubule because of preferential reabsorption of HCO3- in the early proximal tubule.

A

Chloride

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15
Q

% of a normal filtered glucose load is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

100%

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16
Q

Diuretics that act in EARLY PCT by inhibiting reabsorption of filtered HCO3

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide)

17
Q

The primary transporter for sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the .

A

Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter.

18
Q

The THIN DESCENDING limb of the loop of Henle (is/is not) permeable to water.

A

Permeable

19
Q

The Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is inhibited by (drug class) .

A

Loop Diuretics

20
Q

The thin ASCENDING limb of the

loop of Henle (is/is not) is to water.

A

Not permeable

21
Q

In the loop of Henle, the limb is permeable to water.

A

thin ASCENDING limb

22
Q

The fluid that leaves a normally functioning thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle has a (higher/lower) osmolarity than blood.

A

LOWER

23
Q

Reabsorption of sodium in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is (transporter/load) dependent.

A

LOAD

24
Q

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (is/is not) permeable to water.

A

NO PERMEABLE

25
Q

The cells of the collecting duct are involved in potassium reabsorption and hydrogen ion secretion.

A

alpha intercalated cells

26
Q

The early distal convoluted tubule is (impermeable/permeable) to water and its permeability is not impacted by antidiuretic hormone.

A

IMPERMEABLE

27
Q

Called the CORTICAL DILUTING SEGMENT

A

Early Distal Tubule

28
Q

The early distal tubule reabsorbs sodium via co-transporters in the luminal membrane.

A

Na-Cl

29
Q

When antidiuretic hormone levels are high, channels are inserted into the luminal membrane of the principal cells in the collecting duct.

A

Aquaporin 2

30
Q

Reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts are load (independent/dependent) , especially in regard to extra sodium delivered from more proximal segments.

A

DEPENDENT

31
Q

Water permeability of the collecting duct depends on the presence of hormone.

A

ADH

32
Q

The sodium channels found in the principal cells of the nephron collecting duct are termed sodium channels.

A

Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC)

33
Q

The two major cell types in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the nephron

A

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

34
Q

The cells of the collecting duct are involved in sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and water reabsorption.

A

Principal cells

35
Q

Antidiuretic hormone activation of vasopressin 1 receptor (increases/decreases) vasoconstriction of arterioles and total peripheral resistance.

A

INCREASES

Physiology (98 decks)

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