Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Nephron, Renal Clearance, RBF, GFR > Flashcards

Nephron, Renal Clearance, RBF, GFR Flashcards

1
Q

Structural and Functional unit of Kidneys

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cortical Nephron

A

75% of nephrons
located in the RENAL CORTEX
SHORTER loop of Henle
(+) PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Juxtamedullary Nephron

A

25% of nephrons
located in the CORTICOMEDULLARY junction
LONGER loop of Henle
(+) VASA RECTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 major parts of Nephron

A

Renal or Malphigian Corpuscle

Renal Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal or Malphigian Corpuscle

A 
Afferent arterioles
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent arterioles
Podocytes
Mesangial cells
JG cells
Bowman's capsule and space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal Tubules

A

PCT
LH
DT
CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed

Released in response to hypoxia –> (+) RBC proliferation in bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PCT converts 25-OG vitamin D3 –> 1,25 vitamin D3 (calcitriol, active form?

1a - hydroxylase - mediates conversion (upregulated by PTH)

A

Calciferol (Vitamin D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

From PCT cells
Promotes NATRIURESIS

LOW dose - dilates interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles –> INC RBF

HIGH dose - vasoconstrictor

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 Charge and Filtration Barriers of the Glomerulus

A

Capillary Endothelium
Basement Membrane
Podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other cells in Renal Corpuscle

A

Mesangial cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Modified smooth muscles in the mesangial cells capable of phagocytosis

A

Intraglomerular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cells in the mesangial cells that may play a role in RENAL autoregulation and RAAS

A

Extraglomerular( Lacis cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At the walls of afferent arterioles

Secrete RENIN

A

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In DT

Monitor Na concentration in the lumen of DT

A

Macula Densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If substance has a HIGH clearance most will be found in

A

URINE

17
Q

If substance has a LOW clearance most will be found in

A

Blood

18
Q

Highest clearance

A

PAH - filtered and secreted not reabsorbed

used to estimate renal plasma flow and renal blood flow

19
Q

Lowest clearance

A

protein, Na, glucose, AA, HCO3 and Cl

20
Q

Clearance EQUAL to GFR

A

Inulin, Creatinine - filtered but not secreted not reabsorbed

*marker for kidney function (glomerular marker)

21
Q

Renal Blood Flow

A

25 % of Cardiac Output

22
Q

Vasodilation of Renal Arterioles - Increases RBF

A 
PGE2
PGI2
Bradykinin
NO
Dopamine
23
Q

Vasoconstriction of Renal Arterioles - Decreases RBF

A

Sympathetic NS

Angiotensin II

24
Q

Estimated by PAH clearance

A

Renal Plasma Flow (RBF)

25
Q

Renal Blood Flow (RBF)

A

RBF = RPF/ 1-Hematocrit

26
Q

Normal value of GFR

A

125 mL/min or 180 L/day

27
Q

Increase when GFR decreases

A

BUN and Creatinine

28
Q

GFR and RBF would increase if we vasodilate

A

AFFERENT and EFFERENT arterioles

29
Q

Vasoconstriction of Afferent Arteriole

A

decreased GFR
decreased RPF
no change on FF

30
Q

Vasoconstriction of Efferent Arteriole

A

increased GFR
decreased RPF
increased FF

31
Q

Increased Plasma Protein

A

decreased GFR
no change in RPF
decreased FD

32
Q

Ureteral Stone

A

decreased GFR
no change RPF
decreased FF

33
Q

Myogenic mechanism

A

Renal afferent arterioles reflexively responds to stretch by contracting in order to maintain constant renal blood flow and subsequently GFR

34
Q

Causes of K Influx –> HYPOKALEMIA

A

Insulin
Beta adrenergic agonists
Alkalosis
Hypoosmolarity

35
Q

Causes of K efflux –> Hyperkalemia

A 
Insulin deficiency
Exercise
Beta adrenergic antagonists
Acidosis
Hyperoosmolarity
(-) of NaKATPase pump like digitalis
Cell lysis
36
Q

Causes of Increased Distal K Secretion

A 
High K diet
Hyperaldosteronism
Alkalosis
Thiazide Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Luminal Anions
37
Q

Causes of Decreased Distal K Secretion

A

Low K diet
Hypoaldosteronism
Acidosis
K Sparing Diuretics

38
Q

Major extracellular buffer

A

HCO3

39
Q

Major intracellular buffer

A

Hemoglobin

Physiology (98 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions